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Cumulative probability of (a) incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and (b) incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) according to constipation status. Reprinted with permission of the American Society of Nephrology from Constipation and incident CKD, Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol., volume 28, issue 4, Copyright © 2017; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.14
