Table 2.
Percent vegetation coverage between grazing and non-grazing practices in northern China grasslands.
| Study and effect | Duration† | Statistics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference in means | Standard error | Variance | Lower limit | Upper limit | Z-value | p-value | ||
| (# of yrs) | ----------------------------------- (%) ------------------------------------ | |||||||
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 7 | −26.3 | 7.6 | 57.8 | −41.2 | −11.4 | −3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 6 | −19.8 | 5.7 | 32.7 | −31.0 | −8.6 | −3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 1 | −10.2 | 2.9 | 8.6 | −15.9 | −4.4 | −3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 10 | −9.4 | 2.7 | 7.4 | −14.7 | −4.1 | −3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 12 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhu et al. 2018 | 1 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 6.6 | 2.1 | 12.2 | 2.8 | 0.006 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 9 | 10.2 | 3.0 | 8.7 | 4.4 | 16.0 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Duan et al. 2012 | 4 | 13.2 | 2.4 | 5.9 | 8.4 | 17.9 | 5.4 | 0.000 |
| Yang et al. 2016b | 5 | 16.0 | 2.7 | 7.5 | 10.6 | 21.4 | 5.8 | 0.000 |
| Wang et al. 2017b | 18 | 16.2 | 3.0 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 22.1 | 5.4 | 0.000 |
| Yan et al. 2016a | 5 | 17.6 | 3.8 | 14.6 | 10.1 | 25.1 | 4.6 | 0.000 |
| Wang et al. 2017c | 10 | 20.3 | 3.7 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 27.5 | 5.5 | 0.000 |
| Yan et al. 2018 | 18 | 21.4 | 3.8 | 14.6 | 13.9 | 28.9 | 5.6 | 0.000 |
| Duan et al. 2010 | 3 | 23.1 | 4.1 | 16.6 | 15.1 | 31.1 | 5.7 | 0.000 |
| Yan et al. 2016a | 4 | 23.9 | 4.3 | 18.4 | 15.5 | 32.3 | 5.6 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 11 | 26.8 | 7.7 | 60.0 | 11.6 | 42.0 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Yan et al. 2016a | 3 | 28.3 | 4.7 | 22.3 | 19.0 | 37.6 | 6.0 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 8 | 33.6 | 9.7 | 94.1 | 14.6 | 52.6 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Yan et al. 2016a | 2 | 35.4 | 6.3 | 39.2 | 23.1 | 47.7 | 5.7 | 0.000 |
| Wu et al. 2009 | 10 | 38.7 | 5.4 | 29.1 | 28.1 | 49.3 | 7.2 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2004 | 1 | 41.0 | 3.4 | 11.4 | 34.4 | 47.6 | 12.1 | 0.000 |
| Xu et al. 2014 | 11 | 41.9 | 4.5 | 19.8 | 33.2 | 50.6 | 9.4 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 5 | 44.8 | 12.9 | 166.9 | 19.4 | 70.1 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2004 | 2 | 44.8 | 3.1 | 9.6 | 38.8 | 50.9 | 14.5 | 0.000 |
| Yan et al. 2016a | 1 | 46.9 | 8.8 | 76.7 | 29.7 | 64.1 | 5.4 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | 2 | 53.0 | 15.3 | 233.6 | 23.0 | 82.9 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Zhang et al. 2004 | 4 | 54.7 | 3.8 | 14.3 | 47.3 | 62.1 | 14.5 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2004 | 3 | 60.2 | 4.5 | 20.3 | 51.4 | 69.0 | 13.4 | 0.000 |
| Zhang et al. 2004 | 5 | 74.3 | 5.7 | 32.9 | 63.1 | 85.5 | 13.0 | 0.000 |
| Mean (n = 226) | 6.1 | 20.61 | 1.43 | 2.04 | 17.81 | 23.41 | 14.42 | 0.000 |
†The duration (number of years) of the treatments (Master tab24) or the number of samplings for the specific study.