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. 2020 Feb 4;7:39. doi: 10.1038/s41597-020-0375-0

Table 5.

Plant diversity between grazing and non-grazing practices in northern China grasslands.

Study and effect Duration† Statistics
Difference in means Standard error Variance Lower limit Upper limit Z-value p-value
(# of yrs) --------------------------- (diversity index) -----------------------------
Wu et al. 2009 10 −8.00 2.18 4.74 −12.27 −3.73 −3.67 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 −4.17 1.20 1.45 −6.53 −1.81 −3.46 0.001
Zhang et al. 2017 25 −2.33 0.67 0.45 −3.65 −1.01 −3.46 0.001
Wang et al. 2016 3 −2.10 0.19 0.04 −2.48 −1.72 −10.87 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 −1.66 0.48 0.23 −2.60 −0.72 −3.46 0.001
Zhang et al. 2004 2 −0.71 0.06 0.00 −0.83 −0.58 −10.92 0.000
Zhang et al. 2004 1 −0.40 0.05 0.00 −0.49 −0.30 −7.98 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 −0.16 0.05 0.00 −0.25 −0.07 −3.46 0.001
Zhu et al. 2018 1 0.10 0.06 0.00 −0.01 0.21 1.73 0.084
Zhang et al. 2017 25 0.17 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.27 3.46 0.001
Ren et al. 2012 9 0.20 0.27 0.07 −0.33 0.73 0.73 0.464
Zhu et al. 2018 2 0.23 0.42 0.17 −0.59 1.05 0.55 0.582
Zhang et al. 2017 25 0.33 0.10 0.01 0.14 0.52 3.46 0.001
Wang et al. 2017b 18 0.49 0.11 0.01 0.27 0.71 4.35 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 0.50 0.14 0.02 0.22 0.78 3.46 0.001
Zhang et al. 2017 25 0.50 0.14 0.02 0.22 0.78 3.46 0.001
Zhao et al. 2007 5 0.51 0.08 0.01 0.35 0.67 6.09 0.000
Zhang et al. 2018c 11 0.58 0.10 0.01 0.38 0.78 5.80 0.000
Zhou et al. 2012 N/A 0.60 0.09 0.01 0.42 0.77 6.73 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 0.67 0.19 0.04 0.29 1.05 3.46 0.001
Zhang et al. 2017 25 1.00 0.29 0.08 0.43 1.57 3.46 0.001
Zhang et al. 2004 3 1.07 0.08 0.01 0.91 1.24 12.74 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 1.50 0.43 0.19 0.65 2.35 3.46 0.001
Wang et al. 2017b 17 1.50 0.66 0.44 0.21 2.79 2.27 0.023
Zhang et al. 2004 4 1.72 0.15 0.02 1.43 2.02 11.30 0.000
Zhang et al. 2004 5 1.80 0.14 0.02 1.52 2.07 12.90 0.000
Zhang et al. 2018c 10 4.17 0.77 0.59 2.66 5.68 5.41 0.000
Yang et al. 2016b 5 4.60 1.15 1.33 2.34 6.86 3.99 0.000
Zhang et al. 2017 25 10.17 2.94 8.62 4.42 15.92 3.46 0.001
Xu et al. 2014 11 12.23 1.31 1.71 9.67 14.79 9.36 0.000
Mean (n = 286) 0.47 0.14 0.02 0.19 0.74 3.34 0.001

†The duration (number of years) of the treatments (Master tab24) or the number of samplings for the specific study.