Table 4.

Subgroup analyses of crude and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of peptic ulcer for depression according to age and sex.

Characteristics	Hazard ratios for depression
	Crude†	P-value	Adjusted†‡	P-value
Age <40 years old, men (n = 37,740)
Peptic ulcer	1.70 (1.48–1.95)	<0.001*	1.54 (1.34–1.77)	<0.001*
Control II	1.00		1.00
Age <40 years old, women (n = 40,734)
Peptic ulcer	1.77 (1.62–1.95)	<0.001*	1.61 (1.47–1.77)	<0.001*
Control II	1.00		1.00
Age 40–59 years old, men (n = 59,256)
Peptic ulcer	1.95 (1.77–2.15)	<0.001*	1.75 (1.59–1.93)	<0.001*
Control II	1.00		1.00
Age 40–59 years old, women (n = 59,528)
Peptic ulcer	1.89 (1.77–2.02)	<0.001*	1.72 (1.61–1.84)	<0.001*
Control II	1.00		1.00
Age ≥60 years old, men (n = 27,214)
Peptic ulcer	1.91 (1.70–2.14)	<0.001*	1.75 (1.56–1.96)	<0.001*
Control II	1.00		1.00
Age ≥60 years old, women (n = 30,708)
Peptic ulcer	1.77 (1.64–1.92)	<0.001*	1.60 (1.48–1.73)	<0.001*
Control II	1.00		1.00

*Cox-proportional hazard regression model, Significance at P < 0.05.

^†Stratified model for age, sex, income, and region of residence.

^‡Adjusted model for Charlson Comorbidity index calculated without peptic ulcer.