Table 1.

Definitions of healthy control, coronary artery disease risk factors, coronary artery disease, “normal” kidney function, and chronic kidney disease

Definition of healthy control

Any patient without major systemic illness, including CAD, CKD, or diabetes mellitus; and no risk factors for CAD

Definition of coronary artery disease risk factors

•Age >45 y (male) or >55 y (female) •Systemic hypertension: average systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medications •Diabetes mellitus: hemoglobin A1c >6.5%, or fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or nonfasting blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl, or blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl after oral glucose tolerance test (75-g glucose), or use of antidiabetic medications •Dyslipidemia (at least 1 of the following): total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl, HDL-C <40 mg/dl (male) or <50 mg/dl (female) •Cigarette smoking •History of premature coronary heart disease in a first-degree relative of age <55 y (male) or <65 y (female).

Definition of coronary artery disease

Presence of luminal stenosis >50% in 1 or more major coronary arteries.

Definition of “normal” kidney functiona

•eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2; and •No markers of kidney damage (albuminuria [albumin excretion rate ≥30 mg/24 h or albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g], urine sediment abnormalities, electrolyte or other abnormalities due to tubular disorders, abnormalities detected by histology, structural abnormalities detected by imaging); and •No history of kidney transplantation.

Definition of chronic kidney diseasea

•CKD stage G3: eGFR 30–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 •CKD stage G4: eGFR 15–30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 •CKD stage G5: eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 but not requiring kidney replacement therapy

CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein–associated cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^aSee Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group.²³