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. 2020 Feb 4;10(1):2045894019900121. doi: 10.1177/2045894019900121

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© The Author(s) 2020

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Fig. 3. — Correlation between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, Ca2 + can be transferred from the ER into the mitochondria. Early stage of ER stress triggers an increase in mitochondrial metabolism which depends critically upon mitochondria-associated membrane (MAMS) and Ca2 + transfer. If stress persists, this response leads to mitochondrial collapse and triggers apoptotic cell death. IP3R: inositol 1,4,5-triphate receptor; VDAC: voltage-dependent anion channel; ATP: adenosine triphosphate.