Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of magnetic sphincter augmentation studies with typical inclusion criteria
| Ref. | Study period | Procedure | Follow-up (mo) | Study type | No. of patients (follow-up) | Mean age (yr) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Mean OR time (min) | DeMeester score | PPI-free | Dilation due to dysphagia | Dysphagia (%, post-op) | GERD-HRQL score (mean) | Removal in MSA or re-operation in LF | ||
| Baseline | Post-op | Baseline | Post-op | |||||||||||||
| Bonavina et al[11], 2008; Bonavina et al[20], 2010; Lipham et al[21], 2012; Saino et al[22], 2015 | Patient groups part of Bonavina et al[13], 2013 | |||||||||||||||
| Ganz et al[23], 2013 | Same patient group with Ganz et al[23], 2013 | |||||||||||||||
| Bonavina et al[24], 2013 | 2007-2012 | MSA | 12-72 | SA | 100 (95) | 44.5 | 24 | 47 | 42.3 | 11.2 | 85% | 2 | NA | 16-24 | 2 | 3 |
| Smith et al[25], 2014 | 2011-2013 | MSA | 1-18.6 | SA | 66 (66) | 53.7 | 26 | NA | NA | 83% | 4 | NA | 26 | 6 | 0 | |
| Ganz et al[26], 2016 | 2009-2014 | MSA | 60 | SA | 100 (85) | 53 | 28 | NA | NA | 75% | NA | 6% | 11-27 | 4 | 7 | |
| Warren et al[17], 2016 | 2009- 2015 | MSA | 19-60 | SA | 170 (170) | 53 | 27 | 51 | 37.9 | 15.6 | 79% | NA | NA | 26 | 5 | 1 |
| Czosnyka et al[27], 2016 | NA | MSA | 7.6 | SA | 102 (102) | 54 | 28 | NA | NA | 92% | 9 | 9% | 27 | 5 | 1 | |
| Prakash et al[28], 2017 | 2012-2015 | MSA | 12-36 | SA | 47 (47) | 53.6 | NA | 73 | NA | 83.3% | 2 | NA | 25.8 | 5.2 | 0 | |
| Schwameis et al[29], 2018 | 2012-2017 | MSA | 13 | SA | 68 (68) | 45 | 25 | 27 | NA | 87% | 2 | 16-21% | 24 | 3 | 2 | |
| Louie et al[30], 2019 | 2013-2015 | MSA | 12 | SA | 200 (182) | 48.5 | 27.4 | NA | 33.4 | 12.0 | 87.4% | 13 | 36.6% | 26 | 4 | 5 |
| Louie et al[31], 2014 | 2012-2013 | MSA | 6 | Comp. | 34 (24) | 54 | 27 | 73 | 49.5 | 14.2 | 100% | 1 | NA | 20.6 | 5.0 | 0 |
| LF | 10 | 32 (32) | 47 | 30 | 118 | 49 | 5.1 | 97% | 0 | 22.8 | 5.1 | 2 | ||||
| Sheu et al[32], 2014 | 2012-2013 | MSA | 7 | Comp. | 12 (12) | 39.3 | 26.8 | 63.7 | NA | NA | 4 | 83% | NA | NA | NA | |
| LF | 7 | 12 (12) | 43.8 | 26.8 | 90.3 | 0 | 58% | |||||||||
| Reynolds et al[33], 2015 | 2010-2013 | MSA | 12 | Comp. | 50 (47) | 53 | 26.4 | N.A | NA | 83% | 8 | 36.2% | 19.7 | 4.2 | 0 | |
| LF | 12 | 50 (47) | 54 | 26.7 | 91.5% | 5 | 31.9% | 18.8 | 4.3 | 2 | ||||||
| Riegler et al[16], 2015 | 2010- 2013 | MSA | 12 | Comp. | 202 (202) | 46.6 | 25.7 | NA | NA | 81.8% | NA | NA | 20 | 3 | 8 | |
| LF | 12 | 47 (47) | 52.8 | 26.1 | 63% | 23 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| Warren et al[34], 2015 | 2007-2014 | MSA | > 12 | Comp. | 201 (169) | 54 | NA | 60 | NA | 76% | NA | 44% | 21 | 3 | 2 | |
| LF | > 12 | 214 (185) | 52 | 76 | 88% | 32% | 19 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| Reynolds et al[35], 2016 | 2010-2013 | MSA | 12 | Comp. | 52 (48) | 53 | 26 | 66 | NA | 85% | 9 | 46% | 17 | 4 | 0 | |
| LF | 12 | 67 (59) | 53 | 27 | 82 | 92% | 8 | 56% | 19 | 5 | 2 | |||||
| Asti et al[36], 2016 | 2007-2014 | MSA | 12-80 | Comp. | 135(135) | 44 | 23.94 | 42 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 21 | 0-3 | NA | |
| LF | 12-80 | 103(103) | 50 | 25.1 | 87 | 15 | 2-4 | |||||||||
| MSA total | 20 MSA | 6-80 | 13 SA | 1539 (1452) | 39.3-54 | 23.94-28 | 27-73 | 33.4-49.5 | 11.2-15.6 | 75%-100% | 8% (54/713) | 6%-83% | 11-27 | 0-6 | 2% (29/1305) | |
| NISSEN total | 7 LF | 7-80 | 7 Comp. | 525 (485) | 43.8-54 | 25.1-30 | 76-118 | 49 | 5.1 | 63%-97% | 9% (13/150) | 31.9%-58% | 15-23 | 2-5.1 | 3% (11/370) | |
NA: Not available; LF: Laparoscopic fundoplication (Nissen or Toupet); MSA: Magnetic sphincter augmentation; SA: Single-armed; Comp.: Comparative.