FIG 2.
Combining rNDVs expressing immunocytokines with checkpoint inhibitor induces an antitumor response in a unilateral-flank tumor model. (A) Mouse treatment scheme. One hundred thousand B16-F10 melanoma cells were implanted in the right flanks of C57BL/6 mice (n = 5 to 9 mice per group). Nine days postimplantation, the tumors were treated with five intratumoral injections of rNDVs at 106 PFU every 2 days and three i.p. injections of anti-PD1 (200 μg) or anti-CTLA4 (100 μg) every 4 days. Tumor volumes were measured until day 28. (B) Individual tumor volume progressions with CR percentages for the rNDV–anti-CD28 and rNDV–anti-CD28–mIL-12 treatment cohorts. (C) Overall survival percentages until day 80. (D and E) Individual tumor volume progressions with CR percentages for the rNDV–anti-PD1/PDL1 and rNDV–anti-PD1/PDL1–mIL-12 treatment cohorts (D), along with the overall survival percentages (E). The data for survival were analyzed by log rank (Mantel-Cox) tests. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.