FIG 5.
rNDVs expressing immunocytokines enhance immune stimulation intratumorally. (A) Mouse treatment scheme. Three hundred thousand and 150,000 B16-F10 melanoma cells were implanted in the right and left flanks, respectively, of C57BL/6 mice 4 days apart. Nine days postimplantation, the tumors were treated with three intratumoral administrations of various rNDVs at 106 PFU and three i.p. injections of anti-CTLA4 (100 μg) or anti-PD1 (200 μg) every 2 days. Tumors were harvested on day 6, and gene expression analysis was performed on extracted RNA. (B) Gene expression for the treated and nontreated tumors for rNDV–anti-CD28 and rNDV–anti-CD28–mIL-12. (C) Gene expression for the treated tumor for rNDV–anti-PD1/PDL1 and rNDV–anti-PD1/PDL1–mIL-12. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.