FIG 6.

The designed FXR- or SH3-dependent VEEV mutants retain the ability to replicate in a variety of cell lines. (A) Schematic presentation of the viral genome and the designed mutated HVDs. Open boxes indicate wt amino acid sequences. The black box indicates a mutated, artHVD-derived fragment. Positions of FXR-binding elements are shown by red boxes. (B) The indicated cell lines were infected with VEEV/GFP and the designed mutants at an MOI of 1 PFU/cell, and titers of the released viruses were assessed at 8 and 24 h p.i. by a plaque assay on BHK-21 cells. Significances of differences between VEEV and mutants at different time points were determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test (n.s., not significant; *, P < 0.1; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001). Data are presented as means with SD (n = 3).