uEVs Improve Renal Recovery in an AKI Mouse Model
(A) Alterations in renal function were assessed by evaluating creatinine and BUN levels at day 3 after damage. Mice treated with uEVs (at least five different pools), isolated by both ultracentrifuge (uEV) and floating (uEV float) protocols, showed significantly reduced levels of creatinine and BUN compared with untreated AKI mice (vehicle). Similar amelioration was observed in mice treated with MSC EVs. No renal function improvement was observed using fibroblast EVs (FIBRO EVs). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of eight mice per group. ANOVA with Dunnett’s multicomparison test was performed: *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.001 versus vehicle. (B) Representative micrographs of histological analysis (H&E staining) of renal tissue from healthy and AKI mice treated with saline (vehicle), uEVs, uEVs float, MSC EVs, and FIBRO EVs at day 3 after damage. Original magnification ×200. (C) Quantification of tubular hyaline casts and tubular necrosis at day 3 after damage. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Ten fields per section were analyzed. ANOVA with Dunnett’s multicomparison test was performed: *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.001 versus vehicle.