REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
hamster anti-mouse CD3 (clone 145-2C11)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 553057; RRID:AB_394590
hamster anti-mouse CD28 (clone 37.51)	Tonbo Biosciences	Cat #: 70-0281; RRID:AB_2621492
rat anti-mouse IL-4 (clone 11B11)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 554432; RRID:AB_395388
rat anti-mouse IFN-γ (clone XMG1.2)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 554408; RRID:AB_395373
rat anti-mouse CD62L-PE (clone MEL-14), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 12-0621-92
rat anti-mouse CD44-PE/Cy5 (clone IM7), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 15-0441-82; RRID:AB_468749
rat anti-mouse CD25-APC/Cy7 (clone PC61)	BioLegend	Cat #: 102025; RRID:AB_830744
rat anti-mouse Foxp3-Alexa488 (clone R16-715)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 563487; RRID:AB_2738236
rat anti-mouse IL2-FITC (clone JES6-5H4)	BioLegend	Cat #: 503805; RRID:AB_315299
rat anti-mouse IL17A-PE (clone TC11-18H10.1)	BioLegend	Cat #: 506904; RRID:AB_315464
rat anti-mouse TNF-α-APC/Cy7 (clone MP6-XT22)	BioLegend	Cat #: 506344; RRID:AB_2565953
rat anti-mouse IFN-γAPC (clone XMG1.2)	BioLegend	Cat #: 505810; RRID:AB_315404
mouse anti-human CD3 (clone UCHT1)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 555329; RRID:AB_395736
mouse anti-human CD28 (clone CD28.2)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 555725; RRID:AB_396068
rat anti-human CD4-APC (clone A161A1)	BioLegend	Cat #: 357407; RRID:AB_2565659
mouse anti-human IL2-FITC (clone MQ1-17H12)	BioLegend	Cat #: 500305; RRID:AB_315092
mouse anti-human TNF-α-APC/Cy7 (clone MAb11)	BioLegend	Cat #: 502943; RRID:AB_2562869
mouse anti-human CD71-PE (clone CY1G4)	BioLegend	Cat #: 334105; RRID:AB_2271603
mouse anti-human CD127-APC/Cy7 (clone A019D5)	BioLegend	Cat #: 351347; RRID:AB_2629571
mouse anti-human CD25-Alexa488 (clone BC96)	BioLegend	Cat #: 302615; RRID:AB_493044
mouse anti-human Foxp3-BV421 (clone 206D)	BioLegend	Cat #: 320123; RRID:AB_2561338
rat anti-mouse CD45-Brilliant Violet 785 (clone 30-F11)	BioLegend	Cat #: 103149; RRID:AB_2564590
rat anti-mouse CD4-APC-eFluor780 (clone RM4-5), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 47-0042; RRID:AB_1272183
rat anti-CD8a-PeCy7 (clone 53-6.7), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 25-0081; RRID:AB_469584
hamster anti-mouse TCR gamma/delta PerCP-eFluor 710 (clone eBioGL3), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 46-5711; RRID:AB_2016638
rat anti-IL-17A-FITC (clone eBio17B7), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 11-7177; RRID:AB_763581
rat anti-mouse GM-CSF-PE (clone MP1-22E9), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 12-7331; RRID:AB_466203
rat anti-mouse CD25-Brilliant Violet 605 (clone PC61)	BioLegend	Cat #: 102036; RRID:AB_2563059
rat anti-mouse IFN-γ- Brilliant Violet 711 (clone XMG1.2)	BioLegend	Cat #: 505835; RRID:AB_11219588
rat anti-Ki67-eFluor450 (clone SolA15), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 48-5698; RRID:AB_11149124
rat anti-Foxp3-APC (clone FJK-16s), eBioscience	Invitrogen	Cat #: 17-5773; RRID:AB_469457
monoclonal rabbit anti-histone 3 (clone D1H2)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 4499; RRID:AB_10544537
monoclonal mouse anti-β-actin (clone AC-74)	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: A5316; RRID:AB_476743
monoclonal rabbit anti-PKM1 (clone D30G6)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 7067; RRID:AB_2715534
monoclonal rabbit anti-PKM2 (clone D78A4)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 4053; RRID:AB_1904096
polyclonal rabbit anti-alpha tubulin	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 2144; RRID:AB_2210548
polyclonal rabbit anti-c-Myc	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 9402; RRID:AB_2151827
polyclonal rabbit anti-phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Thr389)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 9205; RRID:AB_330944
monoclonal rabbit anti-Hif-1α (clone D2U3T)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 14179; RRID:AB_2622225
polyclonal rabbit anti-phospho-PKM2 (Tyr105)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 3827; RRID:AB_1950369
polyclonal rabbit anti-phospho-PKM2 (Ser37)	Biorbyt	Cat #: orb336828
monoclonal rabbit anti-Stat5 (clone D206Y)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 94205; RRID:AB_2737403
monoclonal rabbit anti-phospho-Stat5 (Tyr694) (clone D47E7)	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat #: 4322; RRID:AB_10544692
Biological Samples
Blood samples from healthy donors	School of Biochemistry and Immunology, TCD	N/A
Chemicals, Peptides, and Recombinant Proteins
CD62L MicroBeads, mouse	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat #: 130-049-701
Mouse IL-12	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat #: 130-096-708
Recombinant Mouse IL-23 (carrier-free)	BioLegend	Cat #: 589002; RRID:AB_10663413
Recombinant Human TGF-β1	ImmunoTools	Cat #: 1134316
Recombinant Murine IL-1β	ImmunoTools	Cat #: 1234001
Recombinant Murine IL-6	ImmunoTools	Cat #: 1234006
TEPP-46	National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA)	CAS: 1221186-53-3
DASA-58	Cayman Chemical	Cat #: 13941; CAS: 1203494-49-8
DSS	Thermo Scientific	Cat #: 21655; CAS: 68528-80-3
WesternBright ECL	Advansta	Cat #: K-12049-D50
Propidium Iodide	Invitrogen	Cat #: P1304MP; CAS: 25535-16-4
Pacific Blue™ Annexin V	BioLegend	Cat #: 640918
PMA	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: P8139; CAS:16561-29-8
Ionomycin	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: I0634; CAS: 56092-82-1
Brefeldin A	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: B7651; CAS: 20350-15-6
Fixation Buffer	BioLegend	Cat #: 420801
Intracellular Staining Permeabilization Wash Buffer (10X)	BioLegend	Cat #: 421002
Seahorse XF Medium	Agilent	Cat #: 103575
Cell-Tak	Corning	Cat #: 354240
Olgomycin	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: 495455; CAS: 1404-19-9
2-deoxy-d-glucose	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: D3179; CAS: 154-17-6
FCCP	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: C2759; CAS: 555-60-2
Antimycin A	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: A8674; CAS: 1397-94-0
Rotenone	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: R8875; CAS: 83-79-4
MOG35-55	GenScript	Cat #: RP10245; CAS: 163913-87-9
Complete Freund Adjuvant	Chondrex	Cat #: 7001
Pertussis toxin	Kaketsuken	N/A
(2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin	Sigma Aldrich	Cat #: H107; CAS: 128446-35-5
Protein Transport Inhibitor (BD GolgiStop)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 554724
Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 (Mouse BD Fc Block™)	BD Biosciences	Cat #: 553141; RRID:AB_394656
Critical Commercial Assays
CD4+ T Cell Isolation Kit, mouse	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat #: 130-104-454
Naive CD4+ T Cell Isolation Kit, mouse	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat #: 130-104-453
Naive CD4+ T Cell Isolation Kit II, human	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat #: 130-094-131
Pan T Cell Isolation Kit II, mouse	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat #: 130-095-130
Seahorse XFe96 FluxPak	Agilent	Cat #: 102416–100
PARIS Kit	Invitrogen	Cat #: AM1921
PureLink RNA Mini Kit	Invitrogen	Cat #: 12183025
High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit	Applied Biosystems	Cat #: 4368814
PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix	Applied Biosystems	Cat #: A25743
CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit	Invitrogen	Cat #: C34571
eBioscience Foxp3 / Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set	Invitrogen	Cat #: 00-5523-00
LIVE/DEAD Fixable Aqua Dead Cell Stain Kit	Invitrogen	Cat #: L34965
Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit	Thermo Scientific	Cat #: 23227
NEBNext Single Cell/Low Input RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina	New England BioLabs	Cat #: E6420
Deposited Data
RNA sequencing data	This paper	GEO: GSE139378
Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
Mouse: C57BL/6JOlaHsd	Harlan UK	N/A
Oligonucleotides
mouse Tbp FWD: CCGTGAATCTTGGCTGTAAAC mouse Tbp REV: TGTCCGTGGCTCTCTTATTC	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Pkm1 FWD: TGTCTGGAGAAACAGCCAAG mouse Pkm1 REV: CTCGCACAAGCTCTTCAAAC	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Pkm2 FWD: TGTCTGGAGAAACAGCCAAG mouse Pkm2 REV: CGAATAGCTGCAAGTGGTAGA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Il2 FWD: AGATGAACTTGGACCTCTGCG mouse Il2 REV: AAAGTCCACCACAGTTGCTG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Tnfa FWD: GCCTCTTCTCATTCCTGCTT mouse Tnfa REV: TGGGAACTTCTCATCCCTTTG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Foxp3 FWD: TTTCACCTATGCCACCCTTATC mouse Foxp3 REV: GTAGGCGAACATGCGAGTAA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Hif1a FWD: GGGTACAAGAAACCACCCAT mouse Hif1a REV: GAGGCTGTGTCGACTGAGAA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Myc FWD: TTGAAGGCTGGATTTCCTTTGGGC mouse Myc REV: TCGTCGCAGATGAAATAGGGCTGT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Slc2a1 FWD: GATCACTGCAGTTCGGCTATAA mouse Slc2a1 REV: GTAGCGGTGGTTCCATGTT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Gapdh FWD: TGGTGAAGGTCGGTGTGAAC mouse Gapdh REV: TGAATTTGCCGTGAGTGGAG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Ldha FWD: CGTCTCCCTGAAGTCTCTTAAC mouse Ldha REV: TTCAGCTTGATCACCTCGTAG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Hk FWD: TCGCCTGCTTATTCACGGAG mouse Hk REV: CCATCCGGAGTTGACCTCAC	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Pfkm FWD: GTTTGGAAGCCTCTCCTCCTC mouse Pfkm FWD: AGAGGTCAACACGGCGATG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Il17a FWD: CAAACATGAGTCCAGGGAGAG mouse Il17a REV: GCTGAGCTTTGAGGGATGAT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Il17f FWD: TCCCACGTGAATTCCAGAAC mouse Il17f REV: GTTCATGGTGCTGTCTTCCT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Il21 FWD: CGCCTCCTGATTAGACTTCG mouse Il21 REV: GCCCCTTTACATCTTGTGGA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Il22 FWD: TCATCGGGGAGAAACTGTTC mouse Il22 REV: TTCCAGGGTGAAGTTGAGCA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Rora FWD: GAACACCTTGCCCAGAACAT mouse Rora REV: AGCTGCCACATCACCTCTCT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Runx1 FWD: TACCTGGGATCCATCACCTC mouse Runx1 REV: GACGGCAGAGTAGGGAACTG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Irf4 FWD: GCAGCTCACTTTGGATGACA mouse Irf4 REV: CCAAACGTCACAGGACATTG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Rorc FWD: TGCAAGACTCATCGACAAGGC mouse Rorc REV: AGCTTTTCCACATGTTGGCTG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Ahr FWD: AGGTGCCTGCTGGATAATTC mouse Ahr REV: CCGTCCTTCCCTTTCTTGTT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Nzkbiz FWD: GCAGGTAGAGCAGGAAGAAA mouse Nzkbiz REV: CCTTGGGCAACAGCAATATG	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Batf FWD: CCAGAAGAGCCGACAGAGAC mouse Batf REV: GAGCTGCGTTCTGTTTCTCC	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Ifng FWD: CTCTTCTTGGATATCTGGAGGAAC mouse Ifng REV: GACTTCAAAGAGTCTGAGGTAGAA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Tbx21 FWD: CAACAACCCCTTTGCCAAAG mouse Tbx21 REV: TCCCCCAAGCAGTTGACAGT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
mouse Eomes FWD: ACCAATAACAAAGGTGCAAACAAC mouse Eomes REV: TGGTATTTGTGCAGAGACTGCAA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
human RPS13 FWD: CGAAAGCATCTTGAGAGGAAC human RPS13 REV: TCGAGCCAAACGGTGAATC	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
human PKM1 FWD: TCACTCCACAGACCTCATGG human PKM1 REV: GAAGATGCCACGGTACAGGT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
human PKM2 FWD: ATCGTCCTCACCAAGTCTGG human PKM2 REV: GAAGATGCCACGGTACAGGT	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
human IL2 FWD: CCCAGGGACTTAATCAGCAATA human IL2 REV: TGCTGTCTCATCAGCATATTCA	Eurofins Genomics	N/A
Software and Algorithms
Image Lab (Version 5.0)	Bio-Rad	https://www.bio-rad.com/en-uk/product/image-lab-software?ID=KRE6P5E8Z
FlowJo (version 10.5.3)	FlowJO	https://www.flowjo.com/solutions/flowjo
Seahorse Wave Controller Software (version 2.4.2)	Agilent	https://www.agilent.com/en/products/cell-analysis/cell-analysis-software/instrument-software/wave-controller-2-4
Prism (version 8.2.0)	GraphPad	https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/
SnakePipes (version 1.2.0)	Bhardwaj et al., 2019	N/A
DESeq2 R	Love et al., 2014	N/A
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis	Qiagen	https://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/products/ingenuity-pathway-analysis/
Morpheus	Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, (USA)	https://software.broadinstitute.org/morpheus/