Potential clinical utility of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) readouts. (A) Kaplan-Meier curves of all 69 patients for (1) disease stage, (2) z score, and (3) tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) variant allele fraction (VAF). (B) Copy number alteration (CNA) metrics (percent genome amplified [PGA], z score, and Moran's I [MI]), mutation analysis metrics (TP53 VAF and VAF of all genes), and circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts are marked positive on the heatmap if they are higher than the thresholds set based on 16 noncancer controls. (C) Overview of cfDNA readouts based on maximally selected rank statistic and ranked from left to right according to overall survival of the patient. CNA metrics (PGA, z score, and MI), mutation analysis metrics (TP53 VAF and VAF of all genes), and CTC counts are marked positive on the heatmap if they are higher than the thresholds set based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. (D) Overview of the number of cfDNA samples in which potential therapies were identified. Abbreviations: LS, limited-stage; ES, extensive-stage; ID, identifier.