Table 3.
Compliance by store characteristics (Minneapolis only)
| Compliance Outcome | Store characteristic | Pre-policy (2014) Mean (SE) | Implementation only (2015) Mean (SE) | Early initiation of enforcement (2016) Mean (SE) | Continued monitoring (2017) Mean (SE) | Overall Effect (time-by-characteristic) p (df = 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Met at least 8 of 10 ordinance standards (% of stores) | Larger size (3+ registers) | 8.3 (5.6) | 21.4 (7.8) | 17.9 (7.2) | 53.6 (9.4) | 0.08 |
| Smaller size (1–2 registers) | 32.1 (6.4) | 52.0 (7.1) | 38.8 (7.0) | 48.8 (7.6) | ||
| Corporate | 5.7 (3.9) | 18.0 (6.1) | 20.5 (6.5) | 57.9 (8.0) | <.0001 | |
| Independent | 40.5 (7.6) | 64.1 (7.7) | 42.1 (8.0) | 42.4 (8.6) | ||
| p-net | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.0002 | |||
| 10 point scale (0–10; 1 point for each category where standard met) | Larger size (3+ registers) | 5.4 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.4) | 6.4 (0.3) | 7.3 (0.3) | 0.03 |
| Smaller size (1–2 registers) | 5.7 (0.4) | 7.0 (0.4) | 6.7 (0.3) | 7.1 (0.3) | ||
| p-net | 0.03 | 0.94 | 0.43 | |||
| Corporate | 5.0 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.3) | 6.4 (0.3) | 7.3 (0.3) | 0.0008 | |
| Independent | 6.1 (0.5) | 7.4 (0.4) | 6.8 (0.4) | 7.0 (0.4) | ||
| p-net | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.01 | |||
| Have any food in each of 10 categories (% of stores) | Larger size (3+ registers) | 8.3 (5.6) | 17.9 (7.2) | 35.7 (9.1) | 78.6 (7.8) | 0.08 |
| Smaller size (1–2 registers) | 35.9 (6.6) | 50.0 (7.1) | 59.2 (7.0) | 72.1 (6.8) | ||
| Corporate | 8.6 (4.7) | 10.3 (4.9) | 38.5 (7.8) | 76.3 (6.9) | 0.002 | |
| Independent | 42.9 (7.6) | 66.7 (7.5) | 63.2 (7.8) | 72.7 (7.8) | ||
| p-net | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.006 |
Note: All models adjusted for repeated measures over time; p-net values refer to changes in time-by-characteristic effect from pre-policy to implementation only, from pre-policy to early initiation of enforcement, from pre-policy to continued monitoring respectively; bolded values: p ≤ .05