Table 1.
Demographic and clinic characteristics of the study population
| Total (n = 152,336) | With NAFLD (n = 41,771) | Without NAFLD (n = 110,565) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 45 (13) | 48 (12) | 44 (14) | <.001 |
| Male percentage, % (n) | 54.2% (82,533) | 75.4% (31,510) | 46.1% (51,023) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 (3.3) | 27.1 (2.8) | 22.9 (2.8) | <.001 |
| Systolic pressure, mm Hg | 120 (17) | 128 (16) | 117 (17) | <.001 |
| Diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 76 (11) | 81 (11) | 74 (10) | <.001 |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 19.5% (29,767) | 33.8% (14,129) | 14.1% (15,638) | <.001 |
| T2D, % (n) | 3.7% (5623) | 6.9% (2870) | 2.5% (2753) | <.001 |
| CAD, % (n) | 1.3% (1920) | 1.8% (733) | 1.1% (1187) | <.001 |
| Biochemical parameters | ||||
| TBA, μmol/L | 2.0 (3.1–5.0) | 3.4 (2.3–5.4) | 3.0 (1.9–4.8) | <.001 |
| AST, U/L | 23 (17) | 26 (14) | 21 (17) | <.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 26 (26) | 37 (28) | 22 (24) | <.001 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 5.0 (1.4) | 5.2 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.5) | <.001 |
| Cr, μmol/L | 67.3 (22.6) | 71.9 (19.0) | 65.6 (23.6) | <.001 |
| UA, μmol/L | 312.3 (83.1) | 359.3 (81.2) | 294.6 (75.8) | <.001 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.04 (1.29) | 5.48 (1.76) | 4.90 (1.01) | <.001 |
| OGTT-2 h BG †, mmol/L | 7.10 (3.07) | 7.74 (3.45) | 6.74 (2.77) | <.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.66 (0.93) | 4.92 (1.00) | 4.56 (0.88) | <.001 |
| HDLC, mmol/L | 1.31 (0.30) | 1.16 (0.24) | 1.37 (0.30) | <.001 |
| LDLC, mmol/L | 2.67 (0.77) | 2.81 (0.83) | 2.62 (0.74) | <.001 |
| RLP-C, mmol/L | 0.68 (0.61) | 0.95 (0.88) | 0.57 (0.43) | <.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.24 (0.86–1.86) | 1.87 (1.33–2.74) | 1.07 (0.78–1.53) | <.001 |
Data are shown as mean (standard deviation), median (Q1–Q3 quartiles), or percentages (n). P values from analysis of the independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi-square test. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. BMI body mass index, NALFD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, T2D type 2 diabetes, CAD coronary artery disease, TBA total bile acid, FBG fasting blood glucose, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine, UA uric acid, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C LDL cholesterol, HDL-C HDL cholesterol, RLP-C remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride. OGTT-2 h BG oral glucose tolerance test 2 h-post blood glucose. † 7870 individuals had the OGTT-2 h data