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. 2020 Feb 4;17:47. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-1726-7

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Administration of HExos following SCI promoted microglia/macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype in vivo. a The concentration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PBS, Exos and HExos groups (n = 8/group). b The mRNA expression levels of M1- and M2-related genes were detected by qRT-PCR (n = 8/group). c The protein levels of M1- and M2-related genes were detected by western blot analysis (n = 8/group). d–f Representative immunostaining image of Iba1 (red) and iNOS/Arg1 (green) in the injured spinal cord lesion areas at day 3 post-injury and the analysis of iNOS/Arg1-positive microglia/macrophage in the traumatic lesion area (n = 8/group). ^*P < 0.05 between the PBS and Exos groups, ^#P < 0.05 between the Exos and HExos groups