Fig. 2.

Illustration of most listed precipitating events leading to ACLF and classified as intrinsic (hepatic), extrinsic (extrahepatic) and non-identified ones. The latter ones are mainly sought to be related with bacterial translocation not documented due to a lack of sensitivity of bacterial tests. Distribution of these events varies significantly according to the region of the world. Association of type of events on outcomes is still a controversial issue that needs further exploration.

ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure.