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Schematic representation of therapeutic strategies for immune ‘hot’ CCA.
The targets of immunotherapies currently under investigation in CCA that may be beneficial in immune ‘hot’ CCA are represented schematically. CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; DC, dendritic cell; NK, natural killer; PD-1, programmed death-1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; TAM, tumour-associated macrophage.
