Table 3.
Multinominal univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of determinants associated with past-HBV infection and chronic HBV infection (vs. non-exposed). Among 2,987 Dutch and first-generation migrant participants of the HELIUS study, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2011-2014.
| Past-HBV exposure |
Chronic HBV infection |
p valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | ||
| Ethnicityb | < 0.001 | ||||
| Dutch | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| South-Asian Surinamese | 5.72 (3.10–10.56) | 4.12 (2.19–7.75) | 1.83 (0.30–10.99) | 1.70 (0.27–10.56) | |
| African Surinamese | 12.36 (6.86–22.29) | 9.28 (5.06–17.03) | 6.24 (1.34–29.04) | 6.16 (1.27–29.79) | |
| Ghanaian | 68.36 (38.19–122.36) | 66.10 (35.76–122.17) | 37.75 (8.87–160.78) | 42.23 (9.29–192.01) | |
| Turkish | 13.43 (7.47–24.16) | 13.19 (7.13–24.39) | 13.16 (3.05–56.88) | 13.44 (2.94–61.39) | |
| Moroccan | 7.79 (4.28–14.17) | 7.06 (3.79–13.18) | 2.38 (0.43–13.08) | 2.50 (0.43–14.35) | |
| Age (per year) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.009 | ||||
| Men | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Women | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.54 (0.33–0.90) | 0.49 (0.29–0.83) | |
| Highest level of education | 0.005 | ||||
| Less than higher vocational schooling or university | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Higher vocational schooling or university | 0.24 (0.18–0.32) | 0.59 (0.42–0.82) | 0.39 (0.19–0.82) | 0.92 (0.42–2.05) | |
| Surgery in non–Western country | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.40 (1.06–1.84) | 1.29 (0.58–2.87) | |||
| Blood transfusion | |||||
| Never or > 1990 in Western country | 1 | 1 | |||
| Before 1990 or > 1990 in non–Western country | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) | 1.10 (0.34–3.58) | |||
| Lifetime sexual partners | |||||
| 0–1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2 | 1.34 (0.99–1.81) | 1.29 (0.57–2.92) | |||
| 3–6 | 1.51 (1.20–1.88) | 1.29 (0.69–2.40) | |||
| > 7 | 0.91 (0.72–1.16) | 0.72 (0.36–1.45) | |||
In multivariable analysis, the following variables were excluded because their overall p values were no longer below the pre-specified threshold: surgery in non-Western country (p = 0.545) and lifetime sexual partners (p = 0.495).
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; HBV, hepatitis B virus; OR, odds ratio.
Overall p value of a log-likelihood ratio test comparing full model to a model with individual covariable excluded.
Surinamese of other/unknown ethnicity were not included in the analyses because of a low number of participants.