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Insulin resistance causes excess substrate (amino acids, glycerol, FFAs) to be transported to the liver.
Excess substrate (amino acids, glycerol, FFAs) stimulate GNG, glucose fluxes, de novo glycerol synthesis, TG synthesis and DNL. Moreover, the synthesis of lipotoxic compounds like DAGs and ceramides is enhanced. Modified from 32. DAGs, diacylglycerols; DNL, de novo lipogenesis; FFAs, free fatty acids; GNG, gluconeogenesis; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.
