Table 2. GEE Analyses of Pedestrian Responsibility Across Vehicle Types.
| Bicycle | Electric Bicycle | Car | Bus | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (SE) | OR | b (SE) | OR | b (SE) | OR | b (SE) | OR | |
| 3rd &4th Grades | -0.65 (0.40) | 0.52 | -0.47 (0.34) | 0.62 | -0.29 (0.34) | 0.75 | -1.59 (0.48)*** | 0.20 |
| 5th &6th Grades | -1.07 (0.38)** | 0.34 | -0.73 (0.33)* | 0.48 | -0.70 (0.32)* | 0.49 | -1.33 (0.48)** | 0.26 |
| 8th Grade | -0.40 (0.40) | 0.67 | 0.26 (0.36) | 1.30 | -0.30 (0.33) | 0.74 | -1.28 (0.48)** | 0.28 |
| University | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Female | -0.01 (0.17) | 0.99 | 0.19 (0.19) | 1.21 | 0.16 (0.19) | 1.18 | 0.38 (0.22) | 1.46 |
| Many | 0.00 (0.49) | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.40)** | 3.38 | 1.43 (0.43)*** | 4.17 | 1.87 (0.93)* | 6.51 |
| 3rd &4th Grades*Many | -0.06 (0.58) | 0.95 | -0.80 (0.48) | 0.45 | -1.36 (0.50)** | 0.26 | -1.93 (0.95)* | 0.15 |
| 5th &6th Grades*Many | 0.64 (0.58) | 1.90 | -0.03 (0.49) | 0.97 | -0.03 (0.50) | 0.97 | -1.24 (0.96) | 0.29 |
| 8th Grade*Many | -0.39 (0.56) | 0.68 | -1.57 (0.48)*** | 0.21 | -1.13 (0.48)* | 0.32 | -1.61 (0.96) | 0.20 |
| 3rd&4th Grades | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| 5th& 6th Grades | -0.42 (0.30)** | 0.66 | -0.26 (0.29) | 0.77 | -0.42 (0.29) | 0.66 | 0.26 (0.31) | 1.30 |
| 8th Grade | 0.25 (0.33) | 1.28 | 0.74 (0.34)* | 2.09 | -0.02 (0.29) | 0.98 | 0.31 (0.31) | 1.36 |
| University | 0.65 (0.40) | 1.92 | 0.47 (0.34) | 1.61 | 0.29 (0.34) | 1.33 | 1.59 (0.48)*** | 4.90 |
| Many | -0.06 (0.32) | 0.95 | 0.42 (0.27) | 1.52 | 0.07 (0.26) | 1.07 | -0.06 (0.23) | 0.95 |
| 3rd &4th Grades*Many | 0.70 (0.44) | 2.00 | 0.77 (0.39)* | 2.16 | 1.33 (0.36)*** | 3.78 | 0.69 (0.35)* | 1.99 |
| 5th &6th Grades*Many | -0.33 (0.42) | 0.72 | -0.77 (0.37)* | 0.46 | 0.23 (0.33) | 1.26 | 0.32 (0.34) | 1.38 |
| 8th Grade*Many | 0.06 (0.58) | 1.06 | 0.80 (0.48) | 2.22 | 1.36 (0.50)** | 3.91 | 1.93 (0.95)* | 6.88 |
| 3rd &4th Grades | 0.42 (0.30) | 1.52 | 0.26 (0.29) | 1.29 | 0.42 (0.29) | 1.52 | -0.26 (0.38) | 0.77 |
| 5th &6th Grades | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| 8th Grade | 0.67 (0.30)* | 1.95 | 0.99 (0.30)** | 2.70 | 0.40 (0.28) | 1.49 | 0.04 (0.31) | 1.05 |
| University | 1.07 (0.38)** | 2.92 | 0.73 (0.33)* | 2.08 | 0.70 (0.32)* | 2.02 | 1.33 (0.48)** | 3.78 |
| Many | 0.64 (0.30)* | 1.90 | 1.19 (0.28)*** | 3.28 | 1.40 (0.24)*** | 4.04 | 0.63 (0.26)* | 1.88 |
| 3rd &4th Grades*Many | -0.70 (0.44) | 0.50 | -0.77 (0.39)* | 0.46 | -1.33 (0.36)*** | 0.26 | -0.69 (0.35)* | 0.50 |
| 5th &6th Grades*Many | -1.03 (0.40)* | 0.36 | -1.54 (0.38)*** | 0.21 | -1.10 (0.32)*** | 0.33 | -0.37 (0.36) | 0.69 |
| 8th Grade*Many | -0.64 (0.57) | 0.53 | 0.03 (0.49) | 1.03 | 0.03 (0.50) | 1.03 | 1.24 (0.96) | 3.46 |
| 3rd &4th Grades | -0.25 (0.33) | 0.78 | -0.74 (0.31)* | 0.48 | 0.02 (0.29) | 1.02 | -0.31 (0.31) | 0.73 |
| 5th & 6th Grades | -0.67 (0.30)* | 0.51 | -0.99 (0.30)** | 0.37 | -0.40 (0.28) | 0.67 | -0.04 (0.31) | 0.96 |
| 8th Grade | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| University | 0.40 (0.40) | 1.49 | -0.26 (0.36) | 0.77 | 0.30 (0.33) | 1.35 | 1.28 (0.48)** | 3.60 |
| Many | -0.39 (0.27) | 0.68 | -0.35 (0.26) | 0.70 | 0.29 (0.20) | 1.34 | 0.26 (0.25) | 1.30 |
| 3rd &4th Grades*Many | 0.33 (0.42) | 1.39 | 0.77 (0.37)* | 2.16 | -0.23 (0.33) | 0.79 | -0.32 (0.34) | 0.73 |
| 5th &6th Grades*Many | 1.03 (0.40)* | 2.80 | 1.54 (0.38)*** | 4.66 | 1.10 (0.32)*** | 3.00 | 0.37 (0.36) | 1.45 |
| 8th Grade*Many | 0.39 (0.56) | 1.48 | 1.57 (0.48)*** | 4.81 | 1.13 (0.48)* | 3.10 | 1.61 (0.96) | 5.00 |
*p<05; **p <01; ***p <001. SE=standard error; OR=odds ratio; ref=reference. Significant results are bolded. Gender and grade are between-subject pre-dictors. Vehicle type, number of vehicles (many vs. one), and interactions between vehicle type and number are within-subject predictors. Note that each segment of the table presents analyses with different grades used as reference groups. All pairwise comparisons and simple slopes are reported for analyses of interaction effects.