Table 1:

Characteristics of the study participants by covert infarct subtype (N=1290)

	No covert infarct N=1054	Any covert infarct (N=236)				P value
		Distal cryptogenic N=144	Distal cardioembolic N=29	Intracranial large artery stenosis N=23	Isolated penetrating artery N=37
Age (in years) ± SD	70±9	74±9	75±9	77±9	74±9	<0.001
Male sex (%)	38	45	66	43	32	0.019
Non-white (%)	84	86	86	83	91	0.799
Hypertension
At MRI (%)	76	86	93	96	86	0.020
Post MRI (%)	14	9	7	4	8
Antihypertensives at MRI (%)	58	67	83	86	70	<0.001
Mean number of antihypertensives at MRI	0.8±0.7	0.8±0.7	1.2±0.7	0.8±0.5	0.8±0.5	0.021
Mean SBP at MRI (in mmHg)	136±18	139±17	133±14	141±18	138±19	0.125
Mean DBP at MRI (in mmHg)	78±10	79±17	76±10	79±12	79±19	0.392
Mean PP at MRI (in mmHg)	58±15	60±14	57±13	61±15	60±16	0.450
Mean MAP at MRI (in mmHg)	97±11	99±11	95±9	100±13	94±11	0.129
Diabetes
At MRI (%)	25	26	41	30	24	0.511
Post MRI (%)	15	10	10	13	16
Hypoglycemics at MRI (%)	19	19	35	17	22	0.372
Fasting glucose at MRI	101±33	102±30	113±61	98±28	107±42	0.280
Dyslipidemia
At MRI (%)	90	92	79	96	94	0.578
Post MRI (%)	5	3	10	4	3
Statin use at MRI (%)	25	24	41	35	32	0.177
LDL at MRI (md/dl)	116±35	116±33	89±33	122±44	112±37	0.001
HDL at MRI (md/dl)	53±17	54±18	51±20	59±20	54±15	0.488
Triglycerides at MRI (md/dl)	129±81	118±61	108±70	121±66	121±45	0.379
Smoking at MRI	11	12	10	17	22	0.343
Packs-per-day at MRI	0.6±0.5	0.7±0.7	0.4±0.3	1.3±0.80	0.73±0.6	0.075
Antiplatelet use at MRI (%)	39	42	55	48	43	0.364
Atrial fibrillation (%)
At MRI	4	0	72	0	0	<0.001
Post MRI	10	10	10	13	14	0.968
Anticoagulation at MRI	2	1	17	0	3	<0.001
Coronary heart disease at MRI	23	21	79	43	35	<0.001
Primary care doctor during follow-up	95	92	90	86	92	0.086

Note: Units for fasting glucose, LDL, HDL and triglycerides in mg/dl.