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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 22.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2019 Feb 22;363(6429):838–845. doi: 10.1126/science.aav5606

Figure 1: Background and reaction development.

Figure 1:

A) Dissolving metal reduction on scale is not sustainable, B) Voltage range challenges for reductive electrochemistry, C) Electrochemical Birch precedence, D) Applying Li-ion battery technology to synthetic electrochemistry, E) Optimization of a simple electrochemical alternative to Birch reduction; GSW = Galvanized Steel Wire.