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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 3.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2020 Jan 2;126(1):112–128. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314541

Figure 5. Mechanisms by which vitamin D may lower cardiovascular disease risk.

Figure 5.

COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CRP, C-reactive protein; HF, heart failure; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; PG, prostaglandin; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α