Table 7. Propensity score matched DiD treatment effect estimations of MNH care practices, by survey period and study arm.

MNH indicators	Intervention				Comparison				Difference-in-difference
	Baseline	Follow-up	Diff (C-I)	p-value	Baseline	Follow-up	Diff (C-I)	p-value	DiD	p-value
Women’s care-seeking behavior
% at least one ANC	89.6	97.5	7.8 (5.5–10.2)	<0.001	89.2	94.1	4.9 (2.5–7.2)	<0.001	3.0 (-0.0–6.0)	0.053
% ANC in 1st trimester	25.6	38.9	13.3 (7.1–19.4)	<0.001	26.5	32.1	5.6 (1.1–10.2)	0.015	7.6 (-0.0–15.3)	0.051
ANC 4+	52.6	60.9	8.3 (2.5–14.1)	0.005	51.7	59.7	8.1 (3.5–12.6)	<0.001	0.2 (-7.2–7.6)	0.954
% ANC in 1st & last trimester	24.4	37.0	12.6 (6.5–18.7)	<0.001	25.1	30.8	5.6 (1.1–10.2)	0.014	6.9 (-0.7–14.6)	0.075
Skilled delivery	68.2	79.5	11.2 (6.6–15.9)	<0.001	69.3	72.7	3.4 (-0.5–7.2)	0.089	7.9 (1.8–13.9)	0.011
Providers’ service provision behavior
% complete ANC	54.7	66.9	12.2 (6.8–17.6)	<0.001	53.3	65.1	11.8 (7.5–16.1)	<0.001	0.4 (-0.7–7.3)	0.914
ANC consultation experiences	29.2	33.2	4.0 (-0.2–10.0)	0.199	30.6	29.0	-1.6 (-6.9–3.6)	0.543	5.6 (-2.4–13.6)	0.171
ANC counseling	41.6	47.6	6.0 (-1.0–13.0)	0.093	38.3	54.2	15.9 (9.8–21.9)	<0.001	-9.8 (-19.2–0.5)	0.039
Perceived knowledge of providers	42.5	46.3	3.7 (-3.5–11.0)	0.314	44.3	40.9	-3.4 (-9.2–2.4)	0.254	7.1 (-2.2–16.4)	0.134
Satisfaction with delivery care	97.6	99.0	1.5 (-0.4–3.3)	0.114	97.4	98.4	1.0 (-0.6–2.5)	0.220	0.5 (-1.8–2.8)	0.678
Disrespect and abuse	8.3	8.1	-0.2 (-5.0–4.6)	0.929	9.2	6.8	-2.4 (-5.2–0.5)	0.106	2.1 (-3.5–7.8)	0.453
PNC in 48 hours of the mother (both home and facility)	26.6	48.8	22.2 (15.9–28.6)	<0.001	28.5	35.5	7.0 (2.4–11.5)	0.003	15.3 (7.4–23.2)	<0.001
PNC in 48 hours of the baby (both home and facility)	24.9	47.7	22.8 (16.4–29.2)	<0.001	27.1	32.9	5.8 (1.4–10.3)	0.010	17.0 (9.1–24.8)	<0.001
Home PNC in 48 hours (mother)	6.4	13.8	7.4 (2.9–11.9)	0.001	7.1	10.6	3.5 (-0.0–7.0)	0.050	3.9 (-1.8–9.6)	0.177
Home PNC in 48 hours (baby)	4.2	11.6	7.5	0.002	5.0	7.4	2.4 (-0.7–5.5)	0.134	5.1 (-0.7–10.8)	0.084
Stayed in facility for 24 hours or more	22.3	41.5	19.2 (12.8–25.6)	<0.001	23.8	29.5	5.6 (1.3–10.0)	0.010	13.5 (5.7–21.4)	0.001
Birth notification (home birth)	49.2	68.8	19.6 (13.4–25.8)	<0.001	48.8	63.5	14.7 (9.5–19.8)	<0.001	4.9 (-3.3–13.2)	0.240
Birth notification (institutional birth)	43.8	65.4	21.6 (14.9–28.3)	<0.001	43.7	59.0	15.3 (9.8–20.8)	<0.001	6.3 (-2.6–15.2)	0.163
Used motor vehicle transport	58.7	61.0	2.2 (-4.2–8.6)	0.493	56.9	64.3	7.5 (2.8–12.2)	0.002	-5.2 (-13.2–2.7)	0.194