Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of persons living with HIV and HIV-negative controls presenting with acute coronary syndrome between 2004 and 2013.
| Characteristic, n (%) except where specifieda | HIV-positive, n = 86 | Controls, n = 263 | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 52.5 (9.4) | 59.9 (11.8) | <0.0001 |
| Sex (male) | 72 (84) | 201 (76) | 0.15 |
| Race (African-American) | 53 (62) | 172 (65) | 0.53 |
| Hypertension | 72 (84) | 198 (75) | 0.10 |
| SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 128 (24) | 137 (23) | 0.003 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 76 (16) | 77 (14) | 0.57 |
| Antihypertensive use | 54 (70) | 150 (75) | 0.33 |
| Dyslipidemia | 51 (59) | 175 (67) | 0.22 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 161 (46) | 169 (50) | 0.25 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 38 (16) | 39 (12) | 0.41 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 89 (40) | 104 (47) | 0.01 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) median (IQR) | 138 (83–188) | 113 (75–170) | 0.08 |
| Statin use | 27 (36) | 112 (56) | 0.002 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 1.2 (1.0–1.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (26) | 88 (33) | 0.17 |
| Prior CVA | 7 (8) | 25 (10) | 0.70 |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 (18) | 52 (20) | 0.65 |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 25.6 (5.4) | 29.6 (5.6) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking status | 0.01 | ||
| Current | 39 (48) | 81 (31) | |
| Former | 19 (23) | 100 (38) | |
| Never | 24 (29) | 82 (31) | |
| Framingham risk score, median (IQR) | 12 (9–14.5) | 14 (11–16) | 0.001 |
| Framingham 10-year risk (%), median (IQR) | 9 (3.5–12) | 10 (5–20) | 0.04 |
| HIV-specific variables | |||
| Duration of HIV infection (years) mean (SD) | 10.3 (6.7) | – | – |
| On ART | 65 (76) | – | – |
| NRTI | 63 (74) | – | – |
| Abacavir | 18 (21) | – | – |
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 38 (45) | ||
| Zidovudine | 14 (16) | ||
| Protease inhibitor | 46 (54) | – | – |
| NNRTI | 22 (26) | – | – |
| INSTI | 13 (15) | – | – |
| Entry inhibitor (T20) | 2 (2) | – | – |
| CD4+ cell count (range 0–1526 cells/μl) | |||
| <200 cells/μl | 23 (30) | – | – |
| 200–499 cells/μl | 32 (42) | – | – |
| ≥500 cells/μl | 22 (29) | – | – |
| HIV viral load (range <50–2610000 copies/ml) | |||
| Undetectable (<50 copies/ml) | 38 (58) | – | – |
| 50–1000 copies/ml | 10 (15) | – | – |
| >1000 copies/ml | 18 (27) | – | – |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BP, blood pressure; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse; NRTI, nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PLWH, persons living with HIV.
Missing data: SBP 24; DBP 24; antihypertensive use 71; total cholesterol 27; HDL cholesterol 27; LDL cholesterol 34; triglycerides 28; BMI 49; statin use 71; CHF 2; smoking status 4; Framingham risk score 74; 10-year Framingham risk 74; HIV duration 32; ART 1; NRTI 1; PI 1; ABC 1; NNRTI 1; INSTI 1; entry inhibitor 1; CD4+ cell count 9; HIV viral load 20 transcriptase inhibitor; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; T20, enfuvirtide.
P value comparing characteristics in HIV-positive versus control participants obtained by chi-square (categorical) or Student’s t or Wilcoxon rank-sum (continuous) tests as appropriate.