Fig. 4. Seed size comparison between ancient seeds from the Judean desert and modern date seeds.

Length (millimeters) (left) and width (millimeters) (right) of ancient date seeds that failed to germinate (n = 18), 9 current wild individuals (n = 180), and 48 cultivated P. dactylifera varieties (n = 928). Letters a, b, and c above boxes indicate Tukey’s groups derived from HSD.test function and R package agricolae.