Table I. Legislation on ART in European countries—third-party donation.
| Countries | Is there a specific ART law? | Who can have access to IVF/ICSI | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| with donated sperm? | with donated eggs? | with donated sperm plus donated eggs? | with donated embryos | ||||||||||||||
| Heterosexual couples | Female couples | Single women | Male couples | Heterosexual couples | Female couples | Single women | Male couples | Heterosexual couples | Female couples | Single women | Male couples | Heterosexual couples | Female couples | Single women | Male couples | ||
| Albania | No | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Austria | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
| Armenia | Yes | x | x | x | |||||||||||||
| Belarus | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
| Belgium | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| **Bosnia and Herzegovina – Fed | No | ||||||||||||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina – Rep | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| Bulgaria | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||
| Croatia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||
| Cyprus | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Czech Republic | Yes | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Denmark | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||
| Estonia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Finland | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| France | Yes | x | x | x | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Germany | Yes | x | x* | x* | x | ||||||||||||
| Greece | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Hungary | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Iceland | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||
| Ireland | No | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Italy | Yes | x | x | x | |||||||||||||
| Kazakhstan | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
| Latvia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Lithuania | Yes | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Macedonia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Malta | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Moldova | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Montenegro | Yes | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Norway | Yes | x | x | ||||||||||||||
| Poland | Yes | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Portugal | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Republic of Serbia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||
| Romania | No | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Russia | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Slovakia | Yes | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Slovenia | Yes | x | x | ||||||||||||||
| Spain | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Sweden | Yes | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland | Yes | x | |||||||||||||||
| The Netherlands | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Turkey | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
| UK | Yes | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Ukraine | No | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
*Not possible in some areas
**Bosnia and Herzegovina consist of two individual political entities – Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Fed) and Republika Srpska (Rep).