Table 2.
Subsequent emergency department utilization, inpatient admissions, and inpatient costs among adolescent self-harm and matched general control patients, with follow-up through Sept. 30, 2015.
| Emergency department utilization | |||||||||
| Total emergency department visits | Emergency department visits for psychiatric complaints | Emergency department visits for non-psychiatric complaints | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | IRRa | (95% CI) | Mean ± SD | IRRa | (95% CI) | Mean ± SD | IRRa | (95% CI) | |
| General control patients | 4.3 ± 7.0 | 1.00 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 1.00 | 4.10 ± 6.7 | 1.00 | |||
| Self-harm patients | 7.2 ± 12.1 | 1.39 | (1.32, 1.46) | 1.2 ± 3.8 | 3.62 | (3.14, 4.16) | 6.0 ± 10.0 | 1.27 | (1.20, 1.33) |
| Inpatient admissions | |||||||||
| Total inpatient admissions | Inpatient admissions for psychiatric complaints | Inpatient admissions for non-psychiatric complaints | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | IRRa | (95% CI) | Mean ± SD | IRRa | (95% CI) | Mean ± SD | IRRa | (95% CI) | |
| General control patients | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 1.00 | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 1.00 | 0.5 ± 1.6 | 1.00 | |||
| Self-harm patients | 1.7 ± 3.9 | 1.81 | (1.65, 1.99) | 1.1 ± 3.2 | 5.55 | (4.64, 6.63) | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 1.04 | (0.93, 1.16) |
| Inpatient costs | |||||||||
| Total inpatient costs | Inpatient costs for psychiatric complaints | Inpatient costs for non-psychiatric complaints | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | Exp(b)b | (95% CI) | Mean ± SD | Exp(b)b | (95% CI) | Mean ± SD | Exp(b)b | (95% CI) | |
| General control patients | $9,976 ± 20,031 | 1.00 | $1,527 ± 7,357 | 1.00 | $8,449 ± 18,865 | 1.00 | |||
| Self-harm patients | $16,571 ± 25,238 | 1.21 | (1.10, 1.34) | $9,934 ± 20,803 | 3.98 | (3.30, 4.79) | $6,637 ± 12,764 | 0.70 | (0.62, 0.79) |
Full model results, including covariates and dispersion parameters for the negative binomial models estimating incidence rate ratios, are available in Online Supplement.
Incidence rate ratio (IRR) models control for patient age, race/ethnicity, payer, and disposition at index visit, as well as patient history of total ED visits, any mental health visit, and any substance use visit during 2006–2009.
Exp(b) is interpreted as the multiplicative effect on mean costs associated with being in the self-harm patient group vs. the control patient group. All models controlled for patient age, race/ethnicity, payer, and disposition at index visit, as well as patient history of total ED visits, any mental health visit, and any substance use visit during 2006–2009.