Table 1.

Summary of experimental evidence of impact of circadian and behavioural components on insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance

Circadian/behavioural component	Insulin sensitivity	Beta cell function	Glucose tolerance
Circadian evening	↔a	↓	↓
Behavioural evening	↓/↔	↔	↓
Circadian	↓	↔	↓
misalignmentb
Sleep restriction	↓	↓/↔	↓
Recent circadian	No data	↓	↓
misalignment + sleep
restriction

^aEvidence [22] requires further confirmation

^bMisalignment between the central clock and the environmental and behavioural cycles

↓, reduction; ↔, no change