Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Smoking Status (visit 4, 1996–98), Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Neurocognitive Studya
| Total Cohort (N=13002) | Smoking Status | P-valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never (N=5784) | Former (N=5898) | Current (N=1872) | ||||
| Quit ≥ 9 years ago (N=4235) | Quit < 9 years ago (N=1111) | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 63.0 (5.7) | 63.1 (5.7) | 63.6 (5.7) | 62.9 (5.4) | 61.7 (5.4) | <0.0001 |
| Black race, N(%) | 3304 (25) | 1659 (29) | 783 (18) | 312 (28) | 550 (29) | <0.0001 |
| Female, N(%) | 7427 (57) | 4071 (70) | 1697 (40) | 622 (56) | 1037 (55) | <0.0001 |
| Education, N(%) | ||||||
| < High school | 2773 (21) | 1111 (19) | 819 (19) | 292 (26) | 551 (30) | <0.0001 |
| High school or equivalent | 5364 (41) | 2440 (42) | 1676 (40) | 478 (43) | 770 (41) | |
| > High school | 4847 (37) | 2224 (39) | 1736 (41) | 340 (31) | 547 (29) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 (5.9) | 29.2 (5.8) | 30.0 (5.3) | 29.2 (5.6) | 27.0 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes, N(%) | 2111 (19) | 945 (19) | 718 (19) | 204 (23) | 244 (17) | 0.007 |
| Hypertensive Status, N(%) | ||||||
| Normotensive | 5315 (45) | 2391 (44) | 1719 (44) | 431 (44) | 774 (49) | <0.0001 |
| Prehypertension | 429 (4) | 180 (3) | 183 (5) | 42 (4) | 24 (2) | |
| Hypertension | 6085 (51) | 2805 (52) | 1987 (51) | 509 (52) | 784 (50) | |
| COPD, N(%) | 928 (9) | 294 (6) | 303 (8) | 123 (14) | 208 (15) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 APOE ε4 allele | 3837 (31) | 1686 (30) | 1216 (30) | 355 (33) | 580 (32) | 0.081 |
| Follow-up Status, N(%) | ||||||
| Died during follow-up | 2644 (20) | 878 (15) | 855 (20) | 320 (29) | 591 (32) | <0.0001 |
| Living, did not attend Visit 5 | 4492 (35) | 2021 (35) | 1412 (33) | 381 (34) | 678 (36) | |
| Attended Visit 5 | 5866 (45) | 2885 (50) | 1968 (46) | 410 (37) | 603 (32) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; APOE, apolipoprotein
a
Restricted to participants with complete covariate data. Analysis includes imputed exposure data: education, N=18; diabetes, N=1892; hypertension, N=1173; APOE ε4, N=435
b
P-values from Kruskal-Wallis test (continuous variables) or Pearson’s chi2 test (categorical variables)