Figure 6.

WEE affected the molecular components of IRS1/GSK-3β/FoxO1 pathways in PA treated HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were incubated with normal glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (30 mM) plus PA (0.3 mM) in the absence or presence of WEE (200 and 300 μg/ml) for 24 h and followed by being stimulated with insulin (100 nM) for 20 min. Then, the phosphorylation and total levels of IRβ, IRS-1, GSK3β, CREB, c-Jun, FoxO1, Akt, p38, JNK, and ERK were detected by Western blotting. Bar graphs show the relative expression of indicated proteins. All proteins were normalized for β-actin levels. Data presented in bar charts are mean ± SEM values from three independent experiments. Groups are significantly different from the control group at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. The groups are significantly different from the IR group at ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 determined by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.