Table 2.

Clinical conditions of the study subjects.

Variables	N	n	Prevalence (%)	OR (95% CI)	P
Hospitalization during the previous 30 days					0.037
No	394	61	15.5	Ref.
Yes	137	32	23.4	1.664 (1.029–2.691)
Hypertension					0.001
No	291	37	12.7	Ref.
Yes	240	56	23.3	2.089 (1.324–3.298)
Diabetes Mellitus					0.022
No	423	66	15.6	Ref.
Yes	108	27	25.0	1.803 (1.084–2.998)
Pulmonary infection					0.411
No	422	71	16.8	Ref.
Yes	109	22	20.2	1.250 (0.734–2.130)
Coronary heart disease					<0.001
No	420	61	14.5	Ref.
Yes	111	32	28.8	2.384 (1.457–3.900)
Respiratory failure					0.049
No	489	81	16.6	Ref.
Yes	42	12	28.6	2.015 (0.990–4.101)
Renal failure					0.106
No	513	87	17.0	Ref.
Yes	18	6	33.3	2.448 (0.895–6.700)
History of stroke					0.301
No	426	71	16.7	Ref.
Yes	105	22	21.0	1.325 (0.776–2.262)
History of chronic digestive disorders					0.305
No	503	86	17.1	Ref.
Yes	28	7	25.0	1.616 (0.666–3.921)
Gastric tube insertion during the previous 30 days					0.522
No	307	51	16.6	Ref.
Yes	224	42	18.8	1.158 (0.738–1.817)
Diarrhea during the previous 7 days					0.018
No	503	83	16.5	Ref.
Yes	28	10	35.7	2.811 (1.253–6.307)
Fever (body temperature ≥ 38.0°C) during the previous 7 days					0.809
No	354	61	17.2	Ref.
Yes	177	32	18.1	1.060 (0.661–1.699)
History of laparotomy					0.689
No	496	86	17.3	Ref.
Yes	35	7	20.0	1.192 (0.504–2.817)
History of thoracotomy					0.086
No	516	93	18.0
Yes	15	0	0.0
History of craniotomy					0.516
No	514	89	17.3	Ref.
Yes	17	4	23.5	1.469 (0.468–4.611)
History of orthopedic					0.749
No	514	91	17.7	Ref.
Yes	17	2	11.8	0.620 (0.139–2.757)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref., reference.

Numbers in bold indicate statistical significance.