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. 2020 Feb 5;10:1886. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58701-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of SP, GP and AP on cellular metabolomes. Metabolic perturbations in the C6 (A) and MCF-7 (B) cell lines after a 5 h incubation of the cells in minimal medium with succinyl phosphonate (SP), glutaryl phosphonate (GP) or adipoyl phosphonate (AP) (0.5 mM each) are shown as log₂ of fold changes compared to the non-treated cells of the same batch. Clustering of experimental groups and metabolites uses Manhattan as a distance measure and WPGMA as an agglomeration method. Number of independent experiments for each experimental group (n) is indicated at the bottom of the heatmaps. The asterisks show significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences between the treated and non-treated cells according to t-test. The metabolites of the pathways discussed in the text, are underlined.