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. 2019 Jun 4;33(11):1683–1698. doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0474-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Comparison of detection modes using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in healthy retina. Detector views of the annular reflective mirror (top) represent the relative contributions of scattered/non-scattered light in producing each AOSLO modality image (bottom). Confocal imaging utilises light within the retinal focal plane, whereas non-confocal (split-detection and dark-field) images are produced from scattered light. Individual photoreceptor cells can be identified on both confocal and split-detection imaging. Dark-field imaging reveals the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a hexagonal mosaic. The AOSLO images shown are from different retinal locations in the same healthy eye