Fig. 2.

Pre-activated, cryopreserved, XF-hMSCs restore lung function after VILI. All MSC treatments significantly restored arterial PO₂, with pre-activated cryopreserved cells statistically better than their naive alternatives (a). For static lung compliance, only activated fresh and activated frozen delivery showed significant restoration and were statistically different to their naive counterparts (b). All treatment groups restored the lung wet to dry ratio (c), but only pre-activated MSCs modulated BAL protein content (d). *, ** and ***P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively, versus PBS control groups; ^$P < 0.05 versus corresponding naive groups. Sham, n = 5–6; PBS control, n = 7–8; fresh, n = 7–8; fresh pre-activated, n = 6–8; cryopreserved, n = 5–6; cryopreserved pre-activated, n = 6–7