Table 2.

Current options for image-guided localisation of nonpalpable breast lesions

Method	Notes
Carbon marking	Old method; however, needing specific local experience. Surgery up to 1 month after. If not removed, it can mimic malignancy.
Wire localisation	Mostly used. Surgery at the same day or the day after. Possible vasovagal reactions, wire rupture or migration.
Radio-guided localisation	Specific local experience is required. Surgery within 24 h after. Radiation exposure (low-dose). Higher cost than wire localisation.
Radioactive seed localisation	Specific local experience is required. Interval time from procedure to surgery possibly longer than with radio-guided localisation. Radiation exposure (low-dose). Higher cost than wire localisation.
Magnetic seed localisation	Recently introduced. Specific local experience is required. Surgery up to 1 month after. Higher cost than radio-guided and radioactive seed localisation. Magnetic seeds to be completely removed to avoid artefacts in breast magnetic resonance imaging examinations.