Fig. 6. (OEG₂)₂-IP4 dose-dependently prevents calcification in an adenine diet-induced rat model of VC.

a, b, e, f Quantification of total calcium in the abdominal aorta (a), the heart (b), the carotid arteries (e), and the femoral arteries (f). c Representative pictures of calcification in the thoracic aorta stained positive with von Kossa (black) in the different treatment groups (scale bar = 500 µm). d Von Kossa-positive area quantitation in the thoracic aorta. g Calcium content in CPPs collected from animal sera at sacrifice. h T₅₀ derived from animal sera collected at sacrifice. Results are presented as mean ± s.d. from n animals, with n = 11 for vehicle, n = 12 for the 5 mg/kg/day dose group, and n = 11 for the 15 and 50 mg/kg/day groups. N = 10 for vehicle in e and h, and for 50 mg/kg/day in e. Statistical significance was derived from non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and multiple comparison was performed by Mann–Whitney test with Bonferroni correction; *p < 0.05 vs. vehicle, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. 5 mg/kg/day, and ^§p < 0.05, ^§§p < 0.01 vs. 15 mg/kg/day.