Locally weighted least square (LOWESS) plot of National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) composite scores and visual field loss (VFL) (mean deviation [MD] scores in decibels) in the better-seeing eye. The NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores are adjusted for covariates including age, gender, education, employment status, income, acculturation, comorbidities, health insurance, vision insurance, and visual acuity (VA) impairment. The MD-specific data of all persons by each unit of MD of VFL were plotted to show the independent relationship of VFL with vision-specific quality of life. Locally weighted least square (LOWESS) plot of 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) composite scores and visual field loss (VFL) (mean deviation [MD] scores in decibels) in worse-seeing eye. The NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores are adjusted for covariates including age, gender, education, employment status, income, acculturation, comorbidities, health insurance, vision insurance, and visual acuity (VA) impairment. The MD-specific data of all persons by each unit of MD of VFL were plotted to show the independent relationship of VFL with vision-specific quality of life. Reproduced with permission from McKean-Cowdin et al. [86]