Table 2.
Synthesis routes of the Mn3O4 Nano compound.
| Synthetic method | Reactants | Synthetic condition | Morphology/Applications | Particle Size | Author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydro thermal method | 0.5mmol KmnO4 0.2mlof formaldehyde |
120 °C for 12 h At 200 °C for 12hr Calcination of MnOOH at 300 °C for 10 h |
MnOOH nano rods Mn3O4 octahedron β- MnO2 nano wires Degradation of Alizarin Yellow |
50–60nm | Khalid Abdelazez Mohamed Ahmed et al. |
| Hydro thermal method | 0.105 g or 0.005 m mol KmnO4 and 30 ml PEG 200 | 160 °C for 12 h. Dried at 40 °C for 12 h |
Octahedral shaped Mn3O4 nano particles Degradation of Rhodamine |
10 nm | Yu Li et al. |
| Hydro thermal method | MnCl2 [0.1M; 50 ml] Urea [0.1 m, 50 ml] pH -10.55 by NH4OH |
150 °C for 16 h Drying at RT |
Degradation of Acridine orange Fabrication of Gold electrode Detection of alcohol |
99nm | Aslam Jamala et al. |
| Hydrothermal method | 0.7 mmol Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O Melamine [1 mmol] Ethanol: water [70:30] KOH [0.08mmol] |
Refluxed at 80 °C for 2 h. Autoclave heated at 200 °C for 10 h Dried in a vaccum at 50 °C for 12 h |
Mn3O4 nano belts Mn3O4 nano belts |
40–70 nm | Khalid Abdelazez Mohamed Ahmed et al. |
| Solvo thermal method | Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O[14.7g] Oleic acid[8ml] Methanol[100ml] |
At 180 °C Dried for 5hr in air Calcined at 400 °C for 6hr |
Mn3O4 nano particles α Mn2O3 |
- | Jing Xu et al. |
| Reflux method | MnSO4 .H2O [0.19g] Urea [1.35 g] CTAB[1.2g] NaOH [2g] 30% H2O2 [15ml] |
85 °C for 4 h Calcinations at 400 °C for 4 h |
Mn3O4 3D flower like structure. |
1-5 micro metre | Yuli Wang et al. |
| Reflux method | MnCl2.H2O [0.2M] pH = 12 (NH4OH) |
At 80–100 °C for 4 h | Mn3O4 nano powder | 50nm | M. Anilkumar et al. |
| Reflux method | MnCl2.H2O [0.2M] NH4OH |
At 85 °C for 12 h | Mn3O4 nano particles | 32nm | A. Baykal et al. |
| Thermal decomposition method | MnNO3 [0.090g, 0.5 mmol] NaN3 [0.065 g, 1mmol] 4’-[4-pyridyl]-2,2′6′,2′-tetrapyridine Oleic acid |
Oil bath at 60 °C Dried at 186 °C Thermal decomposition of coordination compound at 320 °C |
Mn3O4 nano particles | 85nm | Ahmad Morsali et al. |
| Precipitation method | MnCl2.H2O [0.22 mol] Aq NaOH [0.44 mol] CTAB[1.37 mmol] |
Stirring for 24 h Dried in the oven at 80 °C for 24 h |
Mn3O4 nano dielectric properties | 20–30nm | Hassouna Dhaouadi et al. |
| Precipitation method | Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O [0.03063g] 10% of water in DMF [22.5 ml] |
Stirring 30 min And left for months |
Mn3O4 nano rods Magnetic properties |
20nm | Ameìrica Vaìzquez-Olmos et al. |
| Controlled synthesis | Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O [0.3g] 1:24 oleylamine [7.6g ] BMI-PF6[8.18g], BMI-PF4[6.51g]BMI-NTF2[11.28g] |
180 °Cfor 9hr in Ar atmosphere Cooled to room temperature 850 °C for 2hr |
Mn3O4 nano particles Magnetic properties |
15nm | Robert Bussamana et al. |
| Solid state reaction | MnCl2 [0.2g] Na2CO3 NaCl flux [1g] NP-9 surfactant [3ml] nonylphenylether-9 |
Dried at 80 °C for 5hr | Mn3O4 nano wire Oxidation of methane and carbon monoxide Reduction of benzyl nitrate |
40–80nm | Wenzhong Wang et al. |
| Ultra sonication method | Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O (1g) in 100ml distilled water | Sonicated for 3 h and dried in a vacuum oven for few hours | Mn3O4 nano crystallite Magnetic property |
15nm | I.K. Gopalakrishnan et al. |
| Reflux method | 0.5 g of tannic acid in 50 ml water and mixed drop wise to 0.05 M KmnO4 | Stirred the contents for 5hr and then refluxed for 1hr. It is dried at 50 °C | Mn3O4 nano crystals Dye degradation |
34nm | Srinivas Gadavarthi et al. |
| Combustion method | Mn(NO3)2.4H2O 5 mol and ethylene glycol 5 mmol | dissolved in 10 ml of distilled and combusted at 300 °C | Mn3O4 fluffy product Degradation of methyl orange |
- | Chengjun Dong et al. |
| Sono chemical method. | 1H-1,2,4-triazole -3-carboxylicacid (0.1 mol L_1) and potassium hydroxide (0.01 mol L_1) were added drop wise to 50 ml solution of aq. Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate | Ultrasonication calcinated at 650 °C | Mn3O4 | - | Valid Safarifard et al. |
| Green chemical route synthesis | Mn(NO3)2.4 H2O 2g of 1-n- butyl-3- methylimidazolium hydroxide (BMIM)OH an ionic liquid. 2M aq. NaOH solution H2O2 (30w/w%, 5 ml) added drop wise for 30 min |
Mn3O4 | - | Zehra Durmus et al. | |
| Solvo thermal method | 10 g with 24.2wt% of pebax 2533 in 40 mL anhydrous isopropanol (stirred at 75 °C over night 4g of Mn(CH3COO)2. 4 H2O dissolved in 12 mL of anhydrous ethanol. |
The mixture was transferred into stainless steel autoclave kept at 180 °C for 3 days to get a transparent viscous Mn3O4/pebax gel through hydrolysis, condensation of manganese precursor. washed with 30 ml isopropanol at 80 °C to remove pebax and vaccum dried | Mn3O4 spherical/octahedral | 8–32 nm | Lin He et al. |
| Simple stirring process | 100mL 0.3 M KmnO4 solution and 50 mL 0.4 M glycerol which was kept under vigorous stirring for 60 ± 10 S. | the gel was left without disturbing for 24 h and subsequently heated at 80 °C | tetragonal Mn3O4 crystal structure | 20nm | A.K.M.Atique Ullah et al. |
| Simple stirring method | 0.8 mmol of KmnO4, 0.8 m mol sodium dodecyl sulphate dissolved in 40 ml of distilled water which was further mixed with 40 ml of 8 mmol aq.N2H4 . H2O solution. | This resulted solution turned at first from purple to brown/black then to orange/brown which was stirred for 1 h at 70 °C | Mn3O4 crystal structure | 10–30nm | E. Azhir et al. |
| Forced hydrolysis method | 0.4 M aq. Mn(CH3COO)2. 4 H2O was subjected to heating at 80 °C for 2 h. | The acquired product was quenched in cool water and regained by centrifugation and washed with water and dried in the oven at 40 °C. | Mn3O4 crystal structure Methylene blue degradation |
20nm | Al-Nakib Chowdhary et al. |
| Sol gel method | 4.6 g of manganese acetate tetrahydrate was dissolved in 30 mL of water in round bottom flask and 7.2 g of HMTA was added to the solution. In the case of Vanadium doped Mn3O4, the desired amount of VCl3 (2, 4 and 10% mol of VCl3) also was added to the mixture, then the temperature set at 120 ± 2 °C for 10 h | The solution was sonicated in ultrasonic bath for 30 min then the synthesized material were collected by centrifuge, washed several times with water and dried at 90 °C for 1 h | Tetragonal Mn3O4 crystal structure | 49–57nm | Samaneh Ramezanpour et al. |