cAMP Signaling-Activated iECs Improve Angiogenesis in Hindlimb Ischemia
(A and B) After transplantation of CTL −Dox, Veh +Dox and Fsk +Dox (VEGFR2-sorted after 5 days of dox induction), and HUVECs, blood reperfusion of ischemic limbs was analyzed via laser Doppler imaging (LDI) by 14 days post-surgery. Representative images of LDI analysis (A) and the ratio of blood perfusion (left injured limb/right normal limb) (B) are shown. For each group, n = 5–6; mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by two-way ANOVA. (C) At 18 days post-surgery, ischemic limbs were examined visually to determine severity of toe and foot necrosis in each group. (D and E) Representative immunofluorescence images (D) and quantification (E) of rhodamine-lectin-stained blood vessels (red) in the gastrocnemius muscle sections on day 18 post-surgery. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm. For each group, n = 12; mean ± SD. **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.