Cell apoptosis in the small intestine was not affected by HFD. (A) Ileal sections stained for apoptotic cells (scale bar, 100 µm; magnification, ×20). Quantification of apoptotic cells among (B) villi and (C) crypt sections. (D) Expression of P21 in the small intestine, examined using immunohistochemistry (scale bars, 100 µm; magnification, ×40). Quantification of P21 positive cells as a percentage of the (E) crypts and (F) villi. (G) Immunohistochemical assay for P53 in the small intestine (scale bars, 100 µm; magnification, ×40). Quantification of P53 positive cells as a percentage of the (H) crypts and (I) villi. (J) P21 and (K) P53 mRNA expression levels in the small intestine. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. HFD, high-fat diet; Con, control.