Table 1.
Summary of Measures Included in Review (n = 49)
| Socio- Ecological Level |
Measure and Citation | # of items | Example Item(s) | Context(s) | Components Assessed | Psychometric Data | Availability | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | Educational | Child Welfare | Other Services | Health | Workforce Development** | Trauma-Focused Services | Org Env and Practices | ||||||
| Relational (n = 4) | Trauma Systems Therapy for Foster Care – Caregiver (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2017) | 10 | “How much training have you had on child trauma?” | x | x | x | Not reported | Freely available online | |||||
| Trauma-Informed Practice Scales (Goodman et al., 2016; Sullivan et al., 2018)* | 20 | “I have the opportunity to learn how abuse and other difficulties affect responses in the body.” | x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .85 – .98
across Agency, Information, Connection, Strengths, Inclusivity, and
Parenting Subscales Presented data from factor analysis |
Available upon request | ||||
| Resource Parent Knowledge and Beliefs Survey (Sullivan et al., 2016)* | 33 | “I understand how traumatic events can impact the way my child’s brain works.” | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .79 | Available upon request | ||||||
| Changes in trauma-informed parenting practices (Vanderzee et al., 2017)* | 8 | “I recognized when my child was experiencing something that might be traumatic.” | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Organizational (n = 38) | Supporting students affected by trauma (Alisic et al., 2012)* | 9 | “For me, with children like Janne and Joris, it is…know what is best for me to do to support them.” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha =
.82 Presented data from factor analysis |
Freely available upon request | ||||||
| Psychosocial Care Survey -Knowledge about Pediatric Traumatic Stress (Alisic et al., 2016, 2017; Hoysted, Jobson, & Alisic, 2018)* | 7 | “Children at risk of posttraumatic stress present in the ED as…” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha =
.86 Test-retest reliability = .75 |
Freely available upon request | |||||||
| Post-workshop survey for schools (Anderson, Blitz, & Saastamoinen, 2015)* | 11 | “Student disruptive behaviors may be linked to physical changes related to a stressful living environment.” | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma Systems Therapy for Foster Care – Staff (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2017) | 19 | “I have a clear understanding of what trauma-informed practice means in my professional role” and “A continuum of trauma-informed intervention is available for children served by my agency.” | x | x | x | Not reported | Freely available online | ||||||
| Teaching Rating Scale – Compassionate Schools Curriculum (Axelsen, 2017) | 12 | “I feel I have knowledge about the impact of trauma and environmental stressors on students’ performances.” | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||||
|
Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC) Scale (Baker et al., 2016)* |
45-, 35-, and 10-item versions | “I am concerned that I do not/will not have enough support to implement the trauma-informed care approach” vs. “I think I do/will have enough support to implement the trauma-informed care approach.” | x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .93 (ARTIC-45);
.91 (ARTIC-35); and .82 (ARTIC-10) Presented data from factor analysis |
Starts at $500 | ||||
| TICOMETER (Bassuk et al., 2017)* | 35 |
“Ongoing training on
trauma is required for all staff
and administrators (including clinical and non-clinical staff, peer support staff, and volunteers).” |
x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .92 (overall
scale); .82 (Knowledge and Skills); .73 (Trusting Relationships); .86
(Respect); .86 (Service Delivery); and .78 (Procedures and
Policies) Presented data from factor analysis |
Starts at $250 | ||||
| Staff Behavior in the Milieu (Brown, Baker, & Wilcox, 2012; Brown & Wilcox, 2010)* | 12 |
“Staff talk with their
peers and supervisors about their strong positive and negative reactions to clients and doing this kind of work.” |
x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .81 – .84 | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma-Informed Belief Measure (Brown, Baker, & Wilcox, 2012; Brown & Wilcox, 2010)* | 19 |
“The
clients I work with are generally doing the best they can at any particular time.” |
x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .79 – .85 | Contact author(s) | |||||
| Current Practices in Trauma-Informed Care (Conners-Burrow et al., 2013)* | 12 |
“I talk to foster parents
about the trauma history of their potential foster children.” |
x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .85 (Direct Support for Children) and .85 (Trauma-Informed Systems) | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma-Informed Knowledge Scale (Conners-Burrow et al., 2013)* | 12 | “I understand the meaning of child traumatic stress.” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .94 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Trauma-Informed Understanding
Self-Assessment Tool (TRUST; Coordinated Care Services, Inc., 2018) (note: formerly known as the TIC-OSAT) |
46 | “There is a ‘trauma initiative’ in place aligned with the organization’s strategic plan (e.g., policy statement, workgroup, specialist).” | x | x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .80 – .97 across the ten subscales | Free for any organization in New York State; otherwise, available for fee | |||
| Self-perceptions and use of ACEs (Counts et al., 2017)* | 10 | “I understand how early experiences influence the course of a person’s life.” | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Healthy Environments and Response to Trauma in Schools (HEARTS) Survey (Dorado et al., 2016)* | 9 | “My knowledge about trauma and its effects on children.” | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Creating Cultures of Trauma-Informed Care – Self-Assessment Scale and Fidelity Scale (Fallot & Harris, 2011, 2014) | 67; 16 | “The program creates ways to engage consumers as partners in plans for the recovery support services they need and want” and “The program routine recognizes all staff members’ strengths and skills in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of its services.” | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||
| Understanding of trauma-informed practice and confidence in nursing skills (Hall, McKenna, Dearie, Maguire, Charleston, & Furness, 2016)* | 18 | “I am confident talking with patients about their traumatic experiences.” | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Creating Trauma-Informed Care Environments: Organizational Self-Assessment (Hummer & Dollard, 2010) | 25 | “Agency leadership and staff at all levels express commitment to implementing trauma-informed care.” | x | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||
| Trauma-Informed Care Questionnaire (Kenny et al., 2017)* | 18 |
“What are some
essential elements of trauma-informed care?” |
x | x | Test-retest reliability = .71 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Perceptions of Court Environment (Knoche, Summers, & Miller, 2018)* | 5 | “The courthouse is easy to navigate for the families.” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .77 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Perceptions of Court Policy (Knoche et al., 2018)* | 5 | “It is the policy of my organization to regularly screen clients for trauma.” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .77 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Perceptions of Court Practice (Knoche et al., 2018)* | 7 | “An understanding of the impact of trauma is incorporated into daily decision-making practice at my agency.” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .80 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Understanding of Trauma Measure (Knoche et al., 2018)* | 11 | “Implementing trauma-informed practices will improve the well-being of children and families in my jurisdiction.” | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .86 | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Practices in Trauma-Informed Care (Kramer et al., 2013)* | 13 |
“I expect that when staff
refer for mental health services, they make sure the therapist is trained in evidence-based trauma interventions.” |
x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .88 (Trauma-Informed Practice) and .88 (Trauma Assessment) | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma-Informed Knowledge Scale (Kramer et al., 2013)* | 12 |
“I can identify at least
three ways in which the child welfare
system may increase a child’s trauma symptoms.” |
x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .93 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Trauma Learning – Knowledge, Attitudes Toward, and Perceived Confidence in Trauma Inquiry and Response (Lotzin et al., 2018)* | 18 | “How confident do you feel to ask your clients about traumatic events?” | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha = .73 | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Child Welfare Trauma-Informed Individual Assessment Tool (Madden et al., 2017)* | 17 |
“In my own case practice,
I am utilizing what I believe to be trauma-informed interactions with the children on my caseload.” |
x | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha =
.86 Presented data from factor analysis |
Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma Knowledge Questionnaire (Marvin & Robinson, 2018)* | 12 | “Trauma only affects the person who lived through it.” | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Test Your Knowledge about Trauma-Informed Care/Ministry Quiz (Mills Kamara, 2017) | 25 |
“Traumatized
children/adults can be highly emotionally reactive or
sensitive” and “How often do
you/other leaders speak to your church in
sermons, teaching, seminars, or discussions about issues related to traumatic stress or trauma?” |
x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma-Informed Practices Self-Assessment (Multnomah County, Defending Childhood Oregon, 2016) | 46 | “In the past 30 days…I recognized ways in which ‘class disruptions’ or ‘behavior problems’ could be related to trauma” and “Staff shares with each other successful trauma-informed techniques.” | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment (TIOA; The National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2019) | 87 | “The organization ensures that children, youth, and families are connected with timely trauma assessment when the trauma screening indicates the need.” | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact
author(s) (note: measure is in development) |
||
| National Council Trauma-Informed Care Organizational Self-Assessment (National Council for Behavioral Health, 2014) | 34 | “The organization’s leadership communicates a clear and direct message that the organization is committed to creating a trauma-informed system of care…” | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | ||||||
| Knowledge and confidence in working with clients affected by trauma (Palfrey et al., 2018)* | 5 |
“Level of confidence in
the assessment of trauma and adversity in your
clinical practice.” |
x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Trauma knowledge, attitudes, and practices (Schiff et al., 2017)* | 28 | “How comfortable are you…asking families about previous traumatic experiences?” | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .81 (overall scale); .86 (Comfort); .86 (Trust and Confidence); and .60 (Attitudes) | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Foundational Knowledge for Trauma-Informed Care Scale (Sundborg, 2017) | 30 |
“I know the principles of
trauma-informed care.” |
x | x | x | Cronbach’s alpha =
.96 Presented data from factor analysis |
Freely available online | ||||||
| Trauma-Informed Care in Youth Service Settings: Organizational Self-Assessment (Traumatic Stress Institute of Klingberg Family Centers, 2010) | 67 | “The organization has a ‘trauma-informed care initiative’ (e.g., workgroup/task force, trauma specialist) endorsed by and authorized by a chief administrator.” | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Freely available online | |||||
| Child Welfare Traumameter (Tullberg, 2019) | 56 | “Our supervisors and administrators identify when their staff are suffering from secondary trauma.” | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact
author(s) (note: measure is in development) |
|||||
| Trauma-Informed Medical Care Questionnaire (TIMCQ; Weiss et al., 2017)* | 8 | “Understand the prevalence of trauma in youth and families.” | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .71 (Attitude) and .91 (Confidence) | Contact author(s) | |||||||
| Standards of Practice for Trauma-Informed Care – Health Care Settings (Yatchmenoff, 2016) | 54 | “Agency is working with community partners and/or other systems to develop common trauma-informed protocols and procedures.” | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||
| Community/Systems (n = 7) | ACES and Resilience Collective Community Capacity (ARC) Survey (Hargreaves et al., 2016) | 53 |
“We have many strategic partnerships that work across sectors (such as education, health, juvenile justice, and social services).” |
x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .82 (Community
Cross-Sector Partnerships); .78 (Shared Goals); .76 (Leadership and
Infrastructure); .87 (Data Use for Improvement and Accountability); .81
(Communications); .76 (Community Problem-Solving Processes); .79
(Diverse Engagement and Empowerment); .84 (Focus on Equity); .85
(Multi-Level Strategies); and .79 (Scale of
Work) Presented data from factor analysis |
Contact author(s) |
| Trauma System Readiness Tool (Hendricks, Conradi, & Wilson, 2011) | 46 | “Child welfare staff members at all levels…understand their role in helping reduce the impact of trauma on children involved in the child welfare system.” | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact
author(s) (note: measure is no longer being supported by developer) |
|||||
| Trauma-Sensitive School Checklist (Lesley University and Trauma & Learning Policy Initiative, 2012) | 26 | “School develops and maintains ongoing partnerships with state human service agencies and with community-based agencies to facilitate access to resources.” | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Contact author(s) | |||||
| Trauma-Informed System Change Instrument (TISCI; Richardson et al., 2012)* | 19 | “There are structures in place to support consistent trauma informed responses to children and families across roles within the agency.” | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .37 (Policy);
.88 (Agency Practice); .85 (Integration); and .74
(Openness) Presented data from factor analysis |
Freely available online | ||
| System of Care Trauma-Informed Agency Assessment (TIAA; Thrive, 2011) | 42 | Not provided | x | x | x | x | x | x | Cronbach’s alphas = .84 – .88
(Physical and Emotional Safety); .83 – .92 (Youth Empowerment);
.82 – .90 (Family Empowerment); .87 – .89 (Trauma
Competence Subscale); .85 – .91 (Trustworthiness); .93
(Commitment to Trauma-Informed Approach); .91 (Cultural
Competence) Presented data from factor analysis |
Freely available
online (note: now owned by the State of Maine) |
|||
| Trauma Responsive Schools Implementation Assessment (TRS-IA; Treatment and Services Adaptation Center for Resilience, Hope and Wellness in Schools and the Center for School Mental Health, 2017) | 32 | “To what extent does your school/district have clearly defined discipline policies that are sensitive to students exposed to trauma?” | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Freely available online after completing registration | |||||
| Trauma Responsive Systems Implementation Advisor (TreSIA; EPower & Associates, 2011) | 50 | “We are committed to the long-term transformation (not a ‘program of the month’) to trauma-informed care and trauma-responsive systems.” | x | x | x | x | x | x | Not reported | Freely available online | |||
*
Published in peer-reviewed journal.
**
At the Relational level, the Workforce Development component refers to caregiver and other consumer attitudes, beliefs, and competencies.