Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of Participants Included in Final Analyses
| Variable | M (SD)/ n (%) | Rangea |
|---|---|---|
| Male (Yes) | 56(62.2%) | |
| Age | 35.93 (8.96) | 23–56 |
| Military Rank | ||
| E1 – E4 | 26 (28.9%) | |
| E5 – E6 | 43 (47.8%) | |
| E7 – E9 | 18 (20%) | |
| O1 – O9 | 1 (1%) | |
| Number of OEF/OIF Deployments | 1.55 (.83) | 0–6 |
| Education Impairment Score | 2.53 (1.01) | 1–7 |
| Highest Degree Attained | ||
| High school/GED | 52 (57.8%) | |
| Associate’s degree | 14 (15.6%) | |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 14 (15.6%) | |
| Master’s Degree or higher | 9 (10%) | |
| History of TBI (Yes) | 65 (72.2%) | |
| Number of TBIs (up to 5 assessed) | 1.62 (1.51) | 0–5 |
| Highest Severity of TBIs | ||
| None | 25 (27.8%) | |
| Mild | 47 (52.2%) | |
| Moderate | 14 (15.6%) | |
| Severe | 4 (4.4%) | |
| Lifetime Alcohol Abuse/Dependence (Yes) | 45 (50%) | |
| Current/Partial Alcohol Abuse/Dependence (Yes) | 17 (18.9%) | |
| Lifetime MDD (Yes) | 45 (50%) | |
| Current MDD (Yes) | 16 (17.8%) | |
| Current/Past Month PTSD Diagnosis (Yes) | 28 (31.1%) | |
| PTSD Symptom Total Score | 32.07 (30.5) | 0–120 |
| PTSD Symptom Cluster Scores | ||
| Re-experiencing | 6.72 (9.17) | 0–36 |
| Avoidance/Numbing | 11.51 (12.75) | 0–47 |
| Hyperarousal | 13.83 (11.81) | 0–37 |
| PTSD/MDD | 12 (13%) | |
| PTSD/Alcohol Abuse/Dependence | 5 (5.5%) | |
| MDD/Alcohol Abuse/Dependence | 4 (4.4%) |
Note. N = 90. E1-E9 = enlisted rank; O1-W05 = Officer rank and Warrant Officer rank; OEF = Operation Enduring Freedom; OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom; TBI = Traumatic brain injury; MDD = Major depressive disorder; PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
Observed range.