Table 2.
Risk of first recurrent cardiovascular event in coronary patients, estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Modell 3c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | p-value | RR | p-value | RR | p-value | |
| Age per 10 years | 1.15 (1.00, 1.32) | 0.050 | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 0.146 | 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) | 0.792 |
| Male sex | 0.85 (0.63, 1.15) | 0.299 | 0.93 (0.67, 1.27) | 0.638 | 0.89 (0.64, 1.23) | 0.472 |
| Low educationd | 1.68 (1.23, 2.31) | 0.001 | 1.58 (1.15, 2.11) | 0.005 | 1.51 (1.09, 2.09) | 0.014 |
| Never smoking | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Former smoking | 1.54 (1.09, 2.19) | 0.017 | 1.51 (1.06, 2.16) | 0.024 | 1.46 (1.01, 2.10) | 0.043 |
| Current smoking | 1.48 (0.97, 2.24) | 0.067 | 1.32 (0.86, 2.02) | 0.205 | 1.13 (0.73, 1.76) | 0.587 |
| Adequate physical activitye | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Low physical activity | 1.36 (1.00, 1.85) | 0.051 | 1.37 (1.00, 1.87) | 0.049 | 1.35 (0.97, 1.87) | 0.071 |
| Physical inactivity | 1.84 (1.29, 2.61) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.23, 2.58) | 0.002 | 1.73 (1.18, 2.55) | 0.005 |
| LDL cholesterol per mmol/L increase | 1.17 (1.00, 1.38) | 0.057 | 1.17 (0.99, 1.37) | 0.063 | 1.14 (0.97, 1.35) | 0.119 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.64 (1.22, 2.19) | 0.001 | 1.47 (1.09, 2.00) | 0.013 | 1.35 (0.99, 1.84) | 0.061 |
| Systolic blood pressure per 10 mmHg increase | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 0.111 | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 0.088 | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 0.114 |
| Waist circumference per 10 cm increase | 1.24 (1.00, 1.54) | 0.048 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 0.639 | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) | 0.687 |
| C-reactive protein per mg/L increase | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 0.346 | ||||
| Not participating in cardiac rehabilitation | 1.42 (1.09, 1.86) | 0.010 | 1.32 (1.01, 1.74) | 0.045 | 1.29 (0.97, 1.70) | 0.077 |
| Not taking statin | 2.08 (1.43, 3.03) | < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.33, 3.20) | 0.001 | 2.13 (1.36, 3.36) | 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 1.21 (0.86, 1.69) | 0.281 | ||||
| Peripheral artery disease | 1.96 (1.39, 2.75) | < 0.001 | 1.78 (1.26, 2.52) | 0.001 | 1.73 (1.21, 2.49) | 0.003 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 1.43 (0.94, 2.16) | 0.091 | 1.28 (0.84, 1.95) | 0.248 | 1.12 (0.72, 1.74) | 0.617 |
| Chronic kidney failure (eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73m2) | 1.84 (1.32,2.35) | < 0.001 | 1.62 (1.16, 2.27) | 0.005 | 1.52 (1.08, 2.14) | 0.016 |
| HADS Anxiety sum per unit increase | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.017 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 0.031 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 0.058 |
| HADS Depression sum per unit increase | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 0.002 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 0.045 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 0.028 |
RR Relative risk, LDL Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HADS Hospital anxiety and depression score
All analyses based on imputed dataset
aAdjusted for age. Analysis is stratified by prior coronary events before the index event or not
bAdjusted for coronary risk factors with p-value< 0.1 in crude or age adjusted analyses (smoking, LDL cholesterol, physical activity and systolic blood pressure) in addition to adjustments in Model 1
cAdjusted for cardiovascular comorbidity with p-value < 0.1 in crude analyses (stroke, peripheral artery disease and kidney failure) in addition to adjustments in Model 2
dCompletion of primary or secondary school only
eAdequate physical activity is defined as ≥moderate physical activity for 30 min 2–3 times a week, low physical activity is defined as <moderate physical activity for 30 min 2–3 times a week, and physical inactivity as physical activity < 1 time a week