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. 2020 Feb 5;21:73. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-3104-0

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Measurements of paraspinal muscles. MF, multifidus; ES, erector spinae; P, psoas. a = semi-major axis (cm). b = semi-minor axis which is perpendicular to the semi-major axis (cm). A = maximum muscle diameter (cm). B = maximum diameter perpendicular to A on the same slice (cm). h = vertical height (cm)