Table 6.
Evidence profile of quality of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly for LEIPAD questionnaire
| Certainty assessment | Summary of findings | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| № of participants (studies) Follow-up | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall certainty of evidence | Study event rates (%) | Anticipated absolute effects | ||
| With NIE | With IE | Risk with NIE | Risk difference with IE | |||||||
| LEIPAD – Overall | ||||||||||
| 1765 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | very serious b,c | not serious | not serious |
very strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 1009 | 756 | – | SMD 0.11 higher (0.1 lower to 0.32 higher) |
| LEIPAD - Physical functions | ||||||||||
| 280 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | not serious | not serious | serious d |
very strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | 161 | 119 | – | SMD 0.14 higher (0.1 lower to 0.38 higher) |
| LEIPAD - Self-care skills | ||||||||||
| 280 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | very serious b,c | not serious | very serious d, e |
very strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 161 | 119 | – | SMD 0.15 higher (0.47 lower to 0.77 higher) |
| LEIPAD - Cognitive functions | ||||||||||
| 280 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | not serious | not serious | serious d |
strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 161 | 119 | – |
SMD 0.26 lower (0.5 lower to 0.02 lower) |
| LEIPAD - Depression and anxiety | ||||||||||
| 280 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | not serious | not serious | serious d |
strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 161 | 119 | – |
SMD 0.24 lower (0.48 lower to 0) |
| LEIPAD - Social functions | ||||||||||
| 280 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | not serious | not serious | serious d |
strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 161 | 119 | – | SMD 0.35 SD higher (0.11 higher to 0.59 higher) |
| LEIPAD - Sexual functions | ||||||||||
| 280 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | not serious | not serious | serious d | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW | 161 | 119 | – | SMD 0.78 higher (0.5 higher to 1.06 higher) |
| LEIPAD - Life Satisfaction | ||||||||||
| 85 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | not serious | not serious | serious d |
very strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | 43 | 42 | – | SMD 0.06 higher (0.37 lower to 0.48 higher) |
Notes: SMD Standard mean difference; a Only studies with some risk of bias were included in this analysis; b Considerable heterogeneity; c There is wide variation in the effect estimates across studies with little or no overlap of confidence intervals associated with the effect estimates; d Total number of participants is less than 400; e Upper and lower confidence limit crosses the effect size were greater than 0.5