Table 8.
Evidence profile of quality of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly for WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire
| Certainty assessment | Summary of findings | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| № of participants (studies) Follow-up |
Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall certainty of evidence | Study event rates (%) | Anticipated absolute effects | ||
| With NIE | With IE | Risk with NIE | Risk difference with IE | |||||||
| WHOQOL-OLD | ||||||||||
| 2304 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | serious b | not serious | serious c | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 1650 | 654 | – | SMD 1.13 lower(1.47 lower to 0.8 lower) |
| WHOQOL-OLD - Past, Present and Future Activities | ||||||||||
| 384 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | serious b | not serious | very serious c, d | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 275 | 109 | – | SMD 1.48 lower(2.44 lower to 0.52 lower) |
| WHOQOL-OLD - Death and dying | ||||||||||
| 384 (2 observational studies) | serious a | serious b | not serious | very serious c, d | strong associationall plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 275 | 109 | – | SMD 0.46 lower(1.04 lower to 0.11 higher) |
| WHOQOL-OLD – Intimicy | ||||||||||
| 384 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | serious b | not serious | very serious c, d | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 275 | 109 | – | SMD 1.15 lower(1.88 lower to 0.43 lower) |
| WHOQOL-OLD - Social Participation | ||||||||||
| 384 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | serious b | not serious | very serious c, d | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 275 | 109 | - | SMD 1.29 lower(2.34 lower to 0.24 lower) |
| WHOQOL-OLD - Sensory Abilities | ||||||||||
| 384 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | serious b | not serious | very serious c, d | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 275 | 109 | – | SMD 1.06 lower(1.8 lower to 0.33 lower) |
| WHOQOL-OLD – Autonomy | ||||||||||
| 384 (2 observational studies) | very serious a | serious b | not serious | very serious c, d | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | ⨁◯◯◯VERY LOW | 275 | 109 | - | SMD 1.45 lower(3.49 lower to 0.6 higher) |
Notes: SMD Standard mean difference, a Only studies with some risk of bias were included in this analysis; b Considerable heterogeneity; c Total number of participants is less than 400; d There is wide variation in the effect estimates across studies with little or no overlap of confidence intervals associated with the effect estimates