Table 1.

3D Printed organs and their components

Organ	Material(s)
Liver	Shell: 1 mm ABS Parenchyma: 1.5 L distilled water, 2.5% agar, 3.5% soluble fiber, 0.3% soluble iodinated contrast media
Liver Vasculature	Shell: 1 mm ABS Blood mimicking solution: 1.5 L saline, 2.5% agar, 3.5% soluble fiber 0.3% aqueous iodine
Kidneys	Shell: 1 mm ABS Outer Cortex: 300 mL distilled water, 2.5% agar, 12% soluble fiber Inner Calyces: 350 mL distilled water, 2.5% agar, 6% soluble fiber
Spleen	Shell: 1 mm ABS Parenchyma: 500 mL distilled water, 2.5% agar, 6% fiber
Colon	Shell: 1 mm ABS Inner features: air bubbles, 2.5% agar and corn cob filler
Pancreas	Flexible Urethane Rubber (Smooth-ON, Clear Flex™ 50 Series)
Intra-abdominal Fat	Modeling Beeswax: mixture of beeswax, olive oil and lanolin cream
Muscle layers	Flexible Urethane Rubber (Smooth-ON, Clear Flex™ 50 Series)