Table 1.
Demographics of study population among those with and without diabetes
| With Diabetes N (%) |
Without Diabetes N (%) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 172 (57.0) | 554 (55.5) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Male | 130 (43.0) | 445 (44.5) | 0.94 (0.73–1.22) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <55 | 38 (12.6) | 207 (20.7) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 55–65 | 76 (25.2) | 301 (30.1) | 1.38 (0.90–2.11) |
| 66–75 | 105 (34.8) | 285 (28.5) | 2.01 (1.33–3.03) |
| >75 | 83 (27.5) | 206 (20.6) | 2.19 (1.43–3.37) |
| Race | |||
| European descent | 229 (75.8) | 743 (74.4) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Indigenous1 | 19 (6.29) | 78 (7.8) | 0.79 (0.47–1.33) |
| Other | 54 (17.9) | 178 (17.8) | 0.98 (0.70–1.38) |
| Obese2, 3 | |||
| No | 223 (74.3) | 829 (84.2) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 77 (25.7) | 156 (15.8) | 1.83 (1.35–2.50) |
| Hypertension3 | |||
| No | 89 (30.2) | 563 (58.1) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 206 (69.8) | 406 (41.9) | 3.21 (2.43–4.24) |
| Cancer | |||
| No cancer | 145 (48.0) | 495 (49.5) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Lung | 68 (22.5) | 238 (23.8) | 0.98 (0.70–1.35) |
| Bladder | 66 (21.9) | 167 (16.7) | 1.35 (0.96–1.90) |
| Kidney | 23 (7.6) | 99 (9.9) | 0.79 (0.49–1.30) |
| Socioeconomic status4 | |||
| >50th percentile | 163 (54.0) | 533 (53.4) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| ≤50th percentile | 139 (46.0) | 466 (46.6) | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) |
| Fruit/vegetable servings3 | |||
| 0–2/day | 75 (32.1) | 324 (43.1) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| >2/day | 159 (67.9) | 428 (56.9) | 1.60 (1.18–2.19) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 103 (34.1) | 307 (30.7) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Ever | 199 (65.9) | 692 (69.3) | 0.86 (0.65–1.13) |
| Average cigarettes/day3 | |||
| Never | 103 (34.2) | 307 (30.9) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| >0–20 | 171 (56.8) | 607 (61.1) | 0.84 (0.63–1.11) |
| >20 | 27 (9.0) | 80 (8.0) | 1.01 (0.62–1.64) |
| Proxy5 | |||
| No | 242 (80.1) | 794 (79.5) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 60 (19.9) | 205 (20.5) | 0.96 (0.70–1.33) |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference
1
Indigious includes Aymara and Atacameňo ethnicity
2
Obese defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2
3
Data on BMI (obesity), hypertension, diet, and average number of cigarettes per day not available in all subjects
4
Odds ratio adjusted for obesity, age, and smoking status. The unadjusted odds ratio is 0.98 (95% CI=0.75–1.26)
Note: percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding
5
Proxy defined as next-of-kin interviewed for deceased patients